一般来说,过去是初二时学的语法内容,在中考中占有重要地位。
今天,小编给大家带来了关于一般过去时的全面解析,好好学哟!
我们可以先记一下一般过去时口诀:
1.一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间。
2.动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。
3.否定句很简单,didn't 站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变。
4.一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动原、其它部分依次站。
5. 特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。
6. 最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记。
一、基本结构
1. 肯定句形式:主语+动词过去式+其他
I was an English teacher one year ago.
一年前我是一名英语老师。
I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。
2. 否定句形式:①was/were+not; ②在行为动词前加Didn't,同时还原行为动词
I wasn't an English teacher one year ago.
一年前我不是一名英语老师。
I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。
3. 一般疑问句:①was/were提到句首; ②Did+主语+动词原形+其他?
Were you an English teacher one year ago?
一年前你是一名英语老师吗?
Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?
昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗?
4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
What were you one year ago?
一年前你是做什么的?
When did you buy a yellow dress?
你什么时候买了一条黄裙子?
二、基本用法
1. 表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态(与现在无关) 。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等过去具体时间状语连用。
He was here just now.
他刚才还在这里。
What did you do yesterday?
你昨天做了什么事?
2. 在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。
We often played together when we were children.
我们小时候常在一起玩。
注:表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to 和would。
He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now.
他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。
Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us.
每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。
3. 表示主语过去的特征或性格。
At that time she was very good at English.
那时她英语学得很好。
4. 一般过去时有时可以表示现在,多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用,使语气更委婉。
I wondered if you could help me.
不知你能不能帮我一下。
5. 有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。
I didn’t know you were here.
没想到你在这里。
注意:
1. 表示一系列的动作,尽管有先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连结。
He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared.
他打开门,冲了出去,然后就消失了。
2. 注意在语境中理解“我刚才/原来还不……”。
——Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 请再说一次你的电话号码,好吗?我刚才没听清楚。
——是2566666。
【常见考法】
对于一般过去时的考查,多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中,会让大家判断是否该用一般过去时,或动词过去式的正确变化,或一般过去时的句型构成。
典型例题1:1. Xiao Lin went fishing this morning.(改为一般疑问句)
答案:Did Xiao Lin go fishing this morning?
解析:这是一道句型转换题,考查到同学们对一般过去时的句型构成的掌握。一般过去时的一般疑问句句型构成为:Did+主语+do+其他?,即句首加 Did,句中过去式还原。
【误区提醒】
有些句子,虽然没有表示过去明确时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意!
典型例题1:I didn''t know you (be)in Paris.
答案:were
解析:题干意思是“我不知道你在巴黎”。因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.
动词过去式的变化规则
1. 规则变化
①一般情况下,直接加ed
work—— worked
look——looked
walk——walked
②以e结尾的单词,直接加d
live ——lived
hope——hoped
use——used
③以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed
study——studied
carry——carried
④以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed
enjoy ——enjoyed
play——played
⑤以重读、一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节结尾的动词,双写最后的辅音字母+ed
stop—— stopped
plan——planned
prefer——preferred
2. 不规则变化
为了帮助同学们记住不规则动词,现在把教材中出现的不规则动词分为几个类型,每个类型中又分若干组,尽量找出每组中各词变化形式的共同点,以帮助记忆。
1. A—A—A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形)
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
cost | cost | cost | 花费 |
cut | cut | cut | 割,切 |
hit | hit | hit | 打 |
let | let | let | 让 |
put | put | put | 放下 |
read | read | read | 读 |
hurt | hurt | hurt | 伤 |
2. A—A—B型(现在式和过去式同形)
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
beat | beat | beaten | 打 |
3. A—B—A型(现在式和过去分词同形)
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
come | came | come | 来 |
become | became | become | 变 |
run | ran | run | 跑 |
4. A—B—B型(过去式和过去分词同形)
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
burn | burnt | burnt | 燃烧 |
learn | learned/learnt | learned/learnt | 学习 |
mean | meant | meant | 意思 |
hear | heard | heard | 听见 |
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
build | built | built | 建筑 |
lend | lent | lent | 借给 |
lose | lost | lost | 失去 |
send | sent | sent | 送 |
spend | spent | spent | 花费 |
(3)其他
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
pay | paid | paid | 付 |
lay | laid | laid | 下蛋 |
say | said | said | 说 |
bring | brought | brought | 带来 |
buy | bought | bought | 买 |
think | thought | thought | 想 |
sleep | slept | slept | 睡 |
keep | kept | kept | 保持 |
sweep | swept | swept | 扫 |
stand | stood | stood | 站 |
understand | understood | understood | 明白 |
win | won | won | 得胜 |
shine | shone/shined | shone/shined | 发光 |
catch | caught | caught | 抓住 |
teach | taught | taught | 教 |
feel | felt | felt | 觉得 |
fight | fought | fought | 战斗 |
find | found | found | 发现 |
get | got | got | 得到 |
hang | hanged | hanged | 绞死 |
hung | hung | 挂 | |
have | had | had | 有 |
hold | held | held | 盛,握 |
leave | left | left | 离开 |
make | made | made | 制造 |
meet | met | met | 遇见 |
sell | sold | sold | 卖 |
shoot | shot | shot | 射击 |
tell | told | told | 告诉 |
smell | smelt/smelled | smelt/smelled | 嗅,闻 |
sit | sat | sat | 坐 |
dig | dug | dug | 挖 |
5. A—B—C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)
(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
eat | ate | eaten | 吃 |
fall | fell | fallen | 落下 |
steal | stole | stolen | 偷 |
give | gave | given | 给 |
freeze | froze | frozen | 冻结 |
take | took | taken | 拿 |
see | saw | seen | 看见 |
write | wrote | written | 写 |
ride | rode | ridden | 骑 |
drive | drove | driven | 驾驶 |
throw | threw | thrown | 抛,扔 |
blow | blew | blown | 吹 |
grow | grew | grown | 生长 |
know | knew | known | 知道 |
fly | flew | flown | 飞 |
draw | drew | drawn | 拉,绘画 |
show | showed | shown | 展示 |
(2)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
speak | spoke | spoken | 说话 |
break | broke | broken | 破碎,折断 |
wake | waked/ woke | waked/ waken | 醒 |
choose | chose | chosen | 选择 |
forget | forgot | forgotten | 忘记 |
(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
begin | began | begun | 开始 |
ring | rang | rung | 按铃 |
sing | sang | sung | 唱 |
sink | sank | sunk | 沉 |
swim | swam | swum | 游泳 |
drink | drank | drunk | 饮 |
(4)其他不规则动词的变化。
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
be(am, is) | was | been | 是 |
be(are) | were | ||
do | did | done | 做 |
go | went | gone | 去 |
lie | lay | lain | 躺 |
wear | wore | worn | 穿 |