鲁达 given居然可以做介词使用
given
英 [ˈgɪvn] 美 [ˈɡɪvən]
adj.
指定的，确定的;假设的，假定的;有…倾向的;赠送的
prep.
（表示原因）考虑到;（表示假设）倘若，假定
n.
假设
v.
给予，赠送( give的过去分词)
派生词： given that conj.
1、adj. 已经安排好的；规定的 ；指定的；所述的；特定的
They were to meet at a given time and place.
他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤。
We can find out how much money is spent on food in any given period.
我们可以查明在特定时间内花在食物上的钱有多少。
be given to sth/to doing sth经常做；习惯于
He's given to going for long walks on his own.
他有独自长距离散步的习惯。
I am not very given to emotional displays.
我不习惯表露自己的感情。
2、prep.考虑到；鉴于
Given his age, (= considering how old he is) he's remarkably active.
考虑到他的年龄，他已是相当活跃的了。
Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.
考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。
Given the uncertainty over Leigh's future I was left with little other choice.
考虑到利前途未卜，我没有什么选择余地。
请看：______ the fact that she is still young, she is a remarkably fast runner.
A．Give
B．Given
C．Giving
D．Gave
答案为：B
此处given为介词，后常接名词或that从句，意为“考虑到”。
小结：given作介词时：后可接名词、动名词或the fact that从句
3、given that conj. 鉴于、考虑到、在……情况下，如果……等等 既然、(引导原因状语从句或条件状语从句)
given that居然可以作为一个整体看成是连词，这个重要希望大家花点时间好好消化：
It was surprising the government was re-elected, given that they had raised taxes so much.
令人惊奇的是政府把税收提高这么多仍再次当选了。
Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, given that I don't earn that much.
考虑到自己挣得不多，我用钱通常比较精打细算，这也是迫不得已。
Given that they're inexperienced, they've done a good job.
在缺乏经验的情况下，他们的工作已经算是做得相当不错了。
Given that water cannot be patented, such trials seem unlikely.
鉴于水是无法申请专利的，此类试验似乎是不可能的。
This means little to any individual Internet publisher, however, given that online ad rates are still declining.
然而，由于在线广告价格仍在不断下滑，广告收入增长对于互联网广告发布商个体来说并没有太大意义。
条件状语从句：
Given that knowledge, it is simple to tune the configuration and ensure a more successfulscan.
如果有了这样的了解，调整配置和确保更成功的扫描将是十分简单的事情。
此时given that 相当于 if，后面引导的是条件状语从句。