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【肇庆中考】专题肇庆市中考英语题型解析与备考 第四部分高分比拼开始:完形填空

廖雄原创(2021-04)


完型填空(本题共10分,每小题1分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后在31-40各题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项,并在答题卡上将对应的答案标号涂黑。

【应对策略】:

“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法、词汇、推理思维等知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点,既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等,又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。

“完形填空”题要求填入的词主要有:

1. 语法结构所要求的功能词,如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。

2. 具有语法变化的普通词,如动词的时态、语态、语气,名词的数,代词的格,形容词和副词的级等。

3. 固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。

4. 同义词、近义词等易混淆词。

5. 根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。

可见,完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力,才能适应这一题型。

完形填空题的考查目的:

1. 考查同学们阅读理解能力。

2. 考查同学们语法知识。

3. 考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力。

一、完形填空题的命题特点

完形填空题是通过阅读考查学生语言知识及语言知识 综合运用能力的一种测试形式。命题人在一段难度适度的文章中留出10个空白,要求考生从所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。

完形填空是介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。可以说它是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空,也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解。完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查,又有对文章内容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容:

1、词汇:

此类题目考查的内容是:近义词的区别,词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年陕西省中考题中的完型填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。

2、语法:

此类题目考查的是:各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数,形容词、副词的比较等级,动词的时态和语态,介词、数词、代词和连词的用法,主谓一致,各种从句的用法等。

3、结构:

此类题目考查的是:文章中间句子与句子之间,段落与段落之间,上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。

从设空的类型看可分为三个层次:

1)句子层次

2)句组层次

3)全篇层次

设空的难度,从句子层次到句组层次,再到全篇层次,依次增加。

分析近几年肇庆市的完形填空题,我们可以看出肇庆市完形填空题的设空主要以篇章层次为主,以句组层次为辅。因此总体难度较大。

二、完形填空的解题技巧

前面我们已经分析过,完形填空是在全面理解短文基础上的选择填空。因此做“完型填空”题应遵循下列步骤:

1、通读全文,了解大意

做这类题目是,首先应该把文章通读一遍,了解一下文章的大概内容。千万不要读一句填一句,因为“完形填空”题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后都可成立,但从全文看又不可取。例如:

A hot dog is one of the most popular American foods. It was named after frankfurter, a German food.

You may hear hot dog 1 in other ways. People sometimes say hot dog to express 2 . For example, a friend may ask 3 you would like to go to the cinema. You might say Great! I would love to go. Or, you could say, 4 ! I would love to go.

People 5 use the expression to describe someone who is a show- off, who tries to show everyone else how 6 he is. You often hear such 7 called a hot dog. He may be a baseball player, for example, who 8 the ball with one hand, making a (n) 9 catch seem more difficult. You know he is a hot dog because when he makes such a catch, he bows (鞠躬) to the crowd, hoping to win their 10 .

1. A. eaten B. used C. cooked D. picked

2. A. strength B. practice C. pleasure D. reply

3. A. if B. how C. when D. where

4. A. Hot dog B. Dont worry C. Never mind D. Excuse me

5. A. ever B. also C. still D. yet

6. A. hopeful B. careful C. kind D. great

7. A. a dog B. a land C. a person D. an action

8. A. catches B. plays C. passes D. throws

9. A. hard B. funny C. exciting D. easy

10. A. thanks B. cheers C. medals D. matches

如果不看后面的文章内容,短文的第一个题所给第四个选项都可以填入空白处,不论是从语法的角度,还是从这个句子的意思完整的角度,都是能够站得住脚的。但如果继续看完这一段短文之后,你就会领悟到,“hot dog”在这里不是“被吃”,“被做”,“被拿”,而是“被使用”,只能选“used”。

有些同学一拿到“完形填空”题,就着手去填,填到最后,才发现所选答案语全文的意思不符,不得不在从头开始。费时又费力,还不易做准确,这种方法是不可取的。

2、瞻前顾后,逐步填空

了解文章大意之后,就可逐步填空。 一般来说,文章后面所给的选择答案可分三类:一类是语法正确,而意思不对;另一类是意思正确,而语法错误;第三类是语法正确,意思也正确。在选择答案时,一定要考虑到上下文的意思,还要考虑到句子的结构,习惯用法,固定搭配和词类的功能,尽量使选出的答案及复合语法又符合原文的意思。

3、认真复查,适当调整

填空全部做完以后,应把短文从头到尾再读一遍,检查一下填空以后的文章是否连贯,情节是否合理,语法结构是否正确。一般来说,如果意思连贯,情节合理,语法结构正确,就意味着选答没有问题;如果发现个别填空使文章文理不通,语法结构有问题,就说明选答不正确。对这样的填空应该认真推敲,进行调整。

如肇庆市中考完型填空(本题共10分,每小题1分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后在31-40各题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项,并在答题卡上将对应的答案标号涂黑。

Every student can learn rope jumping. You can jump 31 or with your classmates. You can also help 32 a long rope for many others to jump over, one at a time. 33 you jump by yourself, you will need a short rope and it should be just long enough for your height. Try ropes of 34 lengths until you find a 35 one for your height.

A rope should be turned slowly. It must also be turned high enough to let you jump freely and safely. Turning the rope freely and safely 36 careful timing. In rope jumping, timing means turning the rope slowly enough for you to jump over at the right time 37 hitting your feet. When you jump rope, your heart 38 faster and your face has a healthy color. But if you jump too many times at first, you will get 39 . You must learn when to stop for a rest before you jump again. If you 40 , you can increase the number of times you jump without resting.

31 A. together B. alone C. quietly D. lonely

32. A. turn B. turns C. turning D. turned

33. A. Unless B. Though C. After D. If

34. A. same B. different C. terrible D. many

35. A. short B. long C. right D. strong

36. A. must B. needs C. offers D. has

37. A. without B. with C. for D. on

38. A. hits B. runs C. beats D. jumps

39. A. tired B. hungry C. sleepy D. bored

40. A. count B. study C. hurry D. practice

参考答案:

31~35 BADBC 36~40 BACAD

题型呈现六:短文填空(本题共10分,每小题1分)根据短文意思,在41-50各题的空格里填入一个恰当的词语,使句子通顺、完整。

应对策略:短文填空是中考英语题型中一种重要形式,它主要测试学生对所学英语的综合运用能力及逻辑推理判断能力,是一项得分率较低的题型。因此,许多学生对做这项填空题有恐惧心理,为了使广大学生能在中考中提高本题的得分率,总结出以下几点建议供同学参考。

1. 通读全文内容,建立语言的整体感。由于这种题型是一种障碍性阅读,一般首句不挖空,从第二句开始就有可能出现空档,如果急于求成,欲速则不达,因此粗读、速读、慎读全文,抓住文章的中心词或中心句,了解全文大意,是做好短文填空的关键。2.掌握“词不离句,句不离文”的原则。把上下文的句法、语法、结构等因素加以综合考虑,特别要考虑到固定短语的搭配,句与句之间的连接词,以及所填的单词的词形变化(如:复数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词等),注意段与段之间,情节与情节之间的上下文照应,在这一基础上确定所填单词。3.复读全文,使整个短文前后贯通。

初步完成后,一定要再次细读全文,复读时根据语感和全文的理解,从语法入手,检查句子的结构,从文章的中心思想来仔细推敲所填单词是否达意。总之,要做好本题必须平时打好扎实的语言基础知识,不断总结,积累一定的阅读经验和能力,经常涉猎各种体裁、题材、风格的文章,培养语感。

如肇庆市中考短文填空(本题共10分,每小题1分)

根据短文意思,在41-50各题的空格里填入一个恰当的词语,使句子通顺、完整。

Leila and Richard, a firefighter, have three children. Last week, Leila had 41 accident. Their 42 (young) child, John, was at home 43 it happened. He was playing with his new toy car. Richard had given it 44 him a week before, for his third holiday.

Suddenly John heard his mother calling Help! Help!” He ran to the kitchen. His mother had burned 45 with some hot cooking oil. She was crying and the pan was on fire.

Richard had gone to work. 46 the elder children had gone to school. John was 47 small to help his mother. 48 he ran to the neighbor’s house and asked Mrs. Smith for help. She soon put out the fire and took Leila to the hospital.

When Richard came home, Leila told him what had happened. He was proud 49 his son. “When you are a man, you will be just 50 your father,” he said.

参考答案:

41. an 42. youngest 43. when 44. to 45. herself 46. Both 47. too 48. But 49. of 50. like


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