鲁达 本文转自念念英文（echo_eng），已获授权
吃的问题绝对是我们最愿意关心的话题之一，就说《舌尖上的中国》，拍了那么多，依然觉得只是冰山一角，看得人意犹未尽。要聊中餐的代表菜，估计那几大菜系聊一天都不够。
作为一个吃货的人生格局，当然就是画一张详细的世界美食地图了，比如墨西哥卷、巴西烤肉、意面、日本刺身……
不过到美国这里，似乎就卡住了，除了KFC爷爷一类的纯热量炸弹，念小编也想不出其他能在前面挂上美国二字的东西了。但是把KFC列为美食，貌似有点勉强？
所以本期的节目，我们就请大卫哥来给我们普及一下他眼中的美国特色美食，一日三餐。
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- Q1 -
A lot of countries have their own style of food, what do you think the US’s style is?
很多国家都有自己独特的美食，你觉得美国的特色美食是啥？
The US is interesting, because we don’t have a very long history, and we are a country founded by immigrants. We have the food from all of the different places that all of those people come from, and we kind of mix it all together.
美国（的情况）很特殊，因为我们的历史不长，而且我们是移民建立的国家。所以我们吃的是移民们从世界各个地方带来、并且融合在一起的食物。
First of all, sandwiches are a huge thing here. We love sandwiches, so Subway is a hugely popular restaurant. And peanut butter and honey or jam sandwiches are a common breakfast food. In short, if there is bread with stuff in between it, we love it.
首先，三明治是美国人钟爱的一大美食。我们超爱吃三明治，所以赛百味在这儿很火。花生酱或者果酱三明治是一种很常见的早餐。总的来说，只要在面包之间夹东西的组合，我们都爱吃。
In order to enjoy sandwiches, you need to make your mouth open wide and take a huge bite, which is probably against Chinese table manners? So I’ve seen a lot of my Chinese friends take everything apart and eat all of the parts individually when they are new to the US. And I think it’s always funny to watch them eating sandwiches. It’s probably similar to when you guys watch us trying to use chopsticks.
吃三明治得张大嘴狠狠咬一口才爽，貌似这和中国的餐桌礼仪有点冲突？所以我的很多中国朋友刚到美国的时候会把三明治拆开，一点一点吃。我觉得看他们吃三明治很好玩，估计跟你们看我们（笨拙地）用筷子一样。
Other food we are huge on is MEAT. Americans love meat, such as hamburgers, steaks, brats, and hotdogs. But we don’t do it in a very special way, like Chinese dishes where you spend a lot of time cutting and preparing the meat. We usually just get a big chunk of meat, and we throw it on a fire and cook it with seasonings, and it’s delicious.
我们还很爱吃肉。美国人是肉食动物，比如汉堡包、牛排、香肠还有热狗。但是我们并不会像中餐那样花时间精心做肉来吃。通常我们只会弄一大快肉，扔在火上，放点调味料在上面烤会儿，就觉得很好吃了。
Here is one funny example of our differences in cooking meat. So, when the weather is nice, we like to cook out with a group of our close friends, where we bring the raw food and we grill it, over an open fire. Usually one of my American friends and my wife are primarily in charge of cooking, because they both enjoy it, so they take turns.
中餐和美餐烹制肉的方法不同，我正好亲历过，有图有真相。每当天气很好的时候，我们会和一群朋友出去野餐，各自带上食材，到公园里烧烤、野餐。一般都是我老婆和一个美国的朋友来负责做，因为他们都喜欢干这事，所以他们轮流负责。
When my friend is in charge, he just throws chunks of meat with a bunch of seasonings on the grill. The whole time we just leave the meat cooking there. My friend only goes over to flip them to the other side once. It takes about half hour to cook thoroughly, and afterward we get to have fun cutting and chewing big, delicious chunks of seasoned meat.
当我朋友负责的时候，画风是这样的：他就把几大块肉加了点调料，直接扔炉子上。然后我们就让肉自己在那烤，也不用人看着，烤到一半的时候我朋友去翻一次面。大概花半小时就能完全烤熟，然后就是欢乐地切肉、吃肉啦，大口吃肉的感觉真好哇。
When my wife is in charge, she'll chop all the stuff in to small pieces and marinates the meat overnight. In total, she probably spends half a day preparing the food before we even get to cooking it. She puts all sorts of sauce on it during the cooking and flips them every now and then. They taste so good.
我老婆负责的时候，画风骤变，她把所有东西都切成很小的一块，用调料腌了一晚上。我掐指一算，甚至在我们开始烤之前，她就已经花了半天的时间来准备。而且烤的过程中她还放了各种各样的调味料，每隔一会儿就会去翻一下刷个油。不过讲真，我老婆的手艺真的好棒！
We also like pastas and pizza that we get from our Italian ancestors. Pizza is a common fast-food and if you are fancy, you can learn how to make it yourself. I have a friend who is very good at making pizza. There are a couple of major steps in making the perfect pizza.
美国人也很爱意大利祖先传给我们的意面和披萨。披萨是一种很常见的快餐，如果你动手能力强，还可以学学怎么DIY，我就有一个朋友很会披萨。做一个完美的披萨大概需要以下几个步骤：
First, you have to make the dough using bread flour.
首先，用面包粉（和酵母）揉一个面团。
After it rises, you need to roll it out flat, like a big plate.
面团发好后，擀成一个像盘子那样的圆形面饼。
Then you bake the dough lightly before putting on any toppings.
在放馅料之前，先稍微烤一下面饼。
Finally, you put pizza sauce, cheese, vegetables & meat on top, and throw it back in the oven until the cheese melts.
最后把披萨酱、芝士、蔬菜和肉放到面饼上，扔回烤箱烤到芝士融化。
My friend spent a really long time refining his pizza-making skills. Now he is really good at it.
我朋友花了很长时间磨练他的披萨技能，现在他的手艺已经堪比大厨了。
Speaking of pizza, I have heard that Pizza Hut is a fancy restaurant in China. One of my Chinese friend’s husband proposed to her there! So I googled Chinese Pizza Hut, and it does look really fancy; way fancier than what we have. Pizza Hut is just a fast food chain here. There was one time my wife wanted to find a Pizza Hut to see what the US version was like, and we could not even find one with seating; they were all take-out only. We live in the 5th largest city in the US!
说到披萨，我听说必胜客在中国是一家高档餐厅？我有个中国朋友的老公据说就是在那里跟她求婚的。所以我google了一下中国的必胜客，看起来确实挺高级的，至少比我们这的高级多了。必胜客在这里只是个快餐连锁。有一次我老婆想去必胜客看看美国版的是啥样，居然连一家有座位的都没找到，全是只能打包带走的。亏我们住的地方还号称是全美第五大城市……
She says the food at US Pizza Hut is not as good as the Chinese ones. She says KFC and McDonald's are also better in China. That could be true, it seems like there are a lot of differences in these chains between our countries. I’ll need to try in person though before I form a final opinion.
而且我老婆说美国必胜客的东西没有中国的好吃，她还说肯德基和麦当劳也是中国的更好吃。这很有可能，貌似这些连锁店在我们两个国家之间确实有很大差别。我得哪天亲自去试试，再发表个人意见。
Salads are also very common here, especially for people who care about their body shape. We put raw vegetables in them, with salad dressing like ranch, Italian, or vinaigrette. The idea behind using raw veggies is that you can keep all of the nutrients in them if you don’t cook them, because cooking will break down proteins and just ruin the cellular stuff. It tastes crisp and delicious. But if I am completely honest with you, sometimes you may feel like a rabbit when you eat salad.
在美国，沙拉也很流行，尤其是对于那些在乎自己身材的人。沙拉里都是生的蔬菜，混合着沙拉酱，常见的比如 ranch, Italian, vinaigrette 这三种。蒸煮时的高温会破坏细胞结构、使蛋白质变性，因此生吃蔬菜能够最大限度地保留食材的营养。虽然沙拉很清爽可口，但老实说，有时候吃着吃着就觉得自己像只兔子……
The funny thing is that after talking so much about what Americans usually eat, I mostly eat Chinese food now because of marriage. So, my personal style of food is like:
搞笑的是作为一个美国人，我在这说了一堆美国人都吃啥，但其实我吃得最多的是吃中餐，哈哈哈~ 因为老婆是中国人，所以我平常吃的食物是这样的：
Bagels with cream cheese or peanut butter and coffee for breakfast.
早餐：贝果夹奶油芝士或者花生酱 + 咖啡。
A Chinese lunch box prepared by my wife for lunch. Today I’m having tomato and egg noodles.
午饭是我老婆准备的一盒中国菜，比如今天我吃的番茄煎蛋面。
Then, more Chinese food for dinner. Depending on my wife’s mood, she makes all sorts of different food. You can check out the photos of food we’ve taken in the past.
晚饭也是各种中餐，看我老婆心情，她会做各种不同的菜，上面奏是我们之前做过的菜的照片。
- Q2 -
Do Americans like to eat out or to cook for themselves? How often do they eat out?
美国人喜欢自己在家做饭还是出去吃？一般多久下一次馆子？
Both, it kind of depends on the person. The downside of eating out here is that it’s more expensive than cooking for yourself. And it’s usually not quite as healthy. You will probably end up paying about 2-3 times as much to eat out as you would if you cook at home. But it really comes down to the person though, whether they enjoy cooking or even know how to cook.
都有，这取决于个人。出去吃的一大缺点就是要比自己在家做贵很多，而且也不太健康，下馆子花的钱大概是自己做的2-3倍。但说到底还是要看个人，比如你喜不喜欢做饭，会不会做饭等等。
The frequency that they eat out also varies wildly. Me with a PhD student salary, I probably eat out about twice a week. Before I got married, I ate out more frequently, until I realized I spent a ton of money eating out, then I decided to cook more for myself. But I don’t know much about cooking. Bean and chili soup is the one food I cooked about 80% of the time.
所以下馆子的频率不同的人差别很大。我作为一个拿着博士僧工资的人，大概每周出去吃两次。婚前我出去的更多一些，直到有一天我意识到自己把钱都吃没了，然后就决定自己做饭吃了。但是我不太会做菜，80%的时候我都做这个辣椒黄豆汤。
When we eat out, we have all sorts of food choices here: all the meat and sandwiches, like we talked about earlier; Chinese food, you guys probably know more about that than me;
出去吃的话，就有很多不同的选择了：比如我们之前提到的各种肉和三明治；还有中餐，估计你们比我更加了解。
Mexican food, like burritos, guacamole, beans and rice, chips and salsa;
墨西哥菜，比如墨西哥卷，牛油果酱，豆类和米饭，玉米片和辣味番茄酱；
△
Burritos, Beans and Rice/Chip and Salsa/Guacamole
墨西哥卷，豆类和米饭/玉米片，辣味番茄酱/牛油果酱
Italian food with pasta and pizza;
意大利菜，比如意面和披萨；
Welsh-English food, like pot pies;
威尔士和英国菜，比如馅饼；
△ Pot Pies 馅饼
African food, which is a lot of beans and bread with tasty sauces;
非洲菜，像是很多豆类和面包加上很美味的酱料；
△ African food 非洲菜
Indian food, like curries;
印度菜，比如咖喱；
△ Curries 咖喱
and Middle Eastern food, like falafel and lamb.
中东菜，像是炸鹰嘴豆泥丸子和羊肉。
△ Falafel 炸鹰嘴豆泥丸子/ Lamb 羊肉
Guys, you should come here and eat all of the food!
小伙伴们，你们真应该过来亲自尝个遍呀~
On top of
除了这些以外，还有一些餐厅是把几种不同地方的美食巧妙融合在一起的，我们叫它 Fusion - 大杂烩。所以你有可能吃到比如意/中杂烩，有点像中餐，有点像意大利菜。
That’s one thing that's real nice about us not having our own type of food is that we are free to experiment with everyone else’s.
虽说美国这个地方没什么属于自己的特色美食，但这也带来了一个好处，就是我们可以尽情尝试其他各国的美食~
We love Chinese food. It’s delicious. Though we are not so big on the weirder parts of Chinese food,like chicken feet. We actually ship all of our chicken feet to China because Americans don’t really eat them. And all the gizzards, and the stomachs, and that sort of stuff. We mostly just like the pure meat,so we don’t pick bones as closely as you. I had a friend. We went to a Hong Kong restaurant and he ordered something cooked with small bones in it. He totally freaked out
我们很爱吃中餐。但是大部分美国人接受不了中餐里的一些比较奇怪的部位，比如鸡爪。美国的大部分鸡爪估计都出口中国了，因为美国人基本都不吃。还有鸡胗、各种胃和内脏也不大能接受，我们只爱纯肉，所以我们也不怎么会啃小骨头。有一次我和一个朋友去一家香港饭店吃饭，他不小心点了一个要啃骨头的菜，结果他一看到肉里这么多骨头，惊得完全不知道该怎么下嘴。
But I think a lot of Americans here only get Americanized Chinese food, the same way we have Americanized every other food. An American might be surprised if they go to China, thinking that they are familiar with Chinese food. It will be very different. So if you come here and go to a Chinese restaurant, it’s probably also going to be very different than what you get in China, unless the owner is a Chinese immigrant.
美国中餐虽多，不过这里大部分人吃的估计都是“美式中餐”，就像其他地方的食物也多多少少会被美国化一样。有的美国人以为自己很熟悉中餐，但等去中国见到真正的中餐时往往会很惊讶，因为味道很不一样。如果你来这里吃中餐，估计也跟你在中国吃的不一样，除非老板是个中国来的移民。
A good example of this is Panda Express, which is a fast food chain here and they claim to serve Chinese food. But they just do Chinese food in an American way: deep frying everything and putting tons of calories in the food. So, they sort of look like Chinese food, but they are thoroughly American.
有一个很好的例子就是熊猫快餐，这是我们这里的一家连锁快餐店，他们号称自己是中餐。但其实他们只是用美国人的方法来做中餐：油炸各种东西，并且往里面加一堆高热量的成分。
The Chinese food I like most is dumplings. They are so good. Stir-fry of any sort is good too. And kung pao chicken is very popular here. Pretty much every Chinese restaurant here has a variant of kung pao chicken.
我最喜欢的中餐是饺子，它们真的超好吃。各种小炒也很好吃。还有最出名的宫保鸡丁，几乎每家中餐馆都有各自版本的宫保鸡丁。
- Q3 -
Are there many vegetarians in the US? Why do you think they choose to be vegetarian?
美国素食主义者多吗？你认为他们为什么要吃素？
There is a good number of vegetarians here, and it seems like there are more and more with each passing year. I was actually vegetarian for about 10 years.
这里的素食主义者还是挺多的，而且每年都有越来越多的人选择吃素。我曾经也当了10年的素食主义者。
There are plenty of choices for being vegetarian. But you do have to be creative because a lot of traditional dishes rely on meat, just because most cultures’ food relies on meat.
素食主义者在食物方面选择很多，但如果决定吃素，你还是得有一定创造力，因为大多数文化的美食基本都离不开肉类。
So you either have to substitute something in for the meat, or just invent new dishes that also taste great. A lot of people think you cannot get enough protein if you don’t eat meat, but that’s simply not true. You’ve got plenty of things like tofu, beans, and eggs which are super high in protein.
所以你要么就想办法找东西来代替肉类，要么就自己发明好吃的素菜。很多人觉得只吃素会缺乏蛋白质、营养不良，其实并不是。很多食材，比如豆腐、豆类、鸡蛋，都含有很高的蛋白质。
There are some different types of vegetarians. In the simplest sense vegetarians eat eggs and milk,just no meat. Vegans are the strictest vegetarian, who don’t consume eggs or milk or any other animal product. Pescatarian, on the other hand, will eat everything vegetarians eat, plus fish.
素食主义者也分为几种。通常说的素食主义者只是不吃肉，但是会吃鸡蛋或牛奶这类东西。纯素主义者是最严格的一种，他们连鸡蛋和牛奶这种动物产品都不吃。不禁忌鱼的素食主义者，除了吃所有素食主义者的那些食物外，还会吃鱼。
I know this sounds gross, but you poop like a king if you are vegetarian, because meat is what clogs you. Even having evolved to eat meat, we’re not very good at digesting it.
我知道这个话题很污，但如果你是素食主义者，你每天都会拉得很舒爽，因为肉是最堵塞人体的。虽然我们进化得爱吃肉，但其实并不能很好的消化它。
There are a bunch of reasons for being a vegetarian, which fall into two major groups, though everyone will have their own personal reasons. One is that they think it’s healthier, which may or may not be true. Everything is healthy and unhealthy to some extent. Americans probably eat way too much meat. So at least cutting back on
至于为什么要吃素，因人而异，原因很多，但差不多可以分为两大类。一类是为了健康，觉得吃素是一种更为健康的生活方式。这个观点很难说对错，因为任何方式都有可能健康或者不健康，关键是要把握一个度。不过美国人可能确实吃肉吃得太多了，所以对于一些人来说，减少肉类摄入是件好事。
The other one is the ethical one. They believe that animals have feeling to some extent, like they can feel pain and fear, and they have some sort of thoughts, which is definitely true based on what we know. So they think the animals have a right to live, and we shouldn’t be killing them if we don’t need to. We are advanced enough so that we can survive without eating meat, so maybe we should survive without eating meat. Then we can be nice to those cute little animals.
另一类是出于人道主义的考虑。他们相信动物也有一定的感情，比如它们也能感受到痛苦和害怕，也有一定的思想，这是已经被科学证实的。所以他们认为动物也有生存的权利，在不必要的时候，我们不应该杀害它们。而现在我们已经发展到了不吃肉也能生存的阶段了，所以我们应该这样做。然后我们就能和可爱的小动物们和谐相处了~
Usually if you have a big get-together of some sort and you are the host, you should be conscious of whether or not there are going to be vegetarians around, like culturally, a lot of Indians are vegetarian.
通常来说，如果你主办一个聚会，最好能注意一下参与人员里是否有素食主义者，比如说很多印度人因为文化的原因，是素食主义者。
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So when you go to have an event here, there is a high chance that somebody is not going to eat meat. Usually as a host, you’ll try to plan for that, and have a least one real dish that doesn’t have meat in it. Most vegetarians are very understanding that other people do eat meat, and that they are the weird ones. So they will try not to cause too much trouble. But, part of being a good host is to accommodate people’s food preferences.
在美国参加聚会遇到不吃肉的人的概率很高。所以作为主人家，你需要为此而计划，至少准备一道不含肉的主菜。大部分的素食主义者都很理解别人是要吃肉的，他们属于特殊人群，所以他们也会注意尽量不添麻烦。但是作为一个好主人，能够根据客人偏好提供不同的选择是很贴心的表现。
And, it’s not just vegetarians. For religious or cultural reasons, some people don’t eat pork. Some people have food allergies, like there is a certain allergy to wheat, so they have to be careful around various bread products. It’s just good to be aware of those things. If you have friends or colleagues that have special food requirements, it’s good to know how to accommodate them.
除了吃素的朋友，还有其他一些需要考虑的。例如有些人因为宗教或者文化的原因不吃猪肉，有些人食物过敏（比如有人对小麦过敏，他们就得对面包类产品特别小心）。平时稍微留心一下，如果你的朋友或者同事有一些特殊的食物要求，知道该怎样招待他们会让人觉得你很棒啊~
总的说来，一个地方的美食和历史文化是分不开的。在国内我们想查查要吃什么，输入的关键词一定是“川菜”、“粤菜”这类和地缘息息相关的词汇，因为我们的美食就源于不同的地貌人文。
而美国的美食则来自各国移民，经过了几代人的改造融合，成为了如今美国化后的版本。
所以在美国要查吃什么，技巧就是搜索关键词“墨西哥”、“意大利”、“亚洲”之类的国名或者大区域名。
➊
on top of
原文：
And on top of that, you’ll also get what we call Fusion Food.
释义：
on top of，此外，除… 之外，用法和 in addition to 类似。
例句：
On top of being dull, he's unfriendly.
他除了很迟钝外，还很不友好。
➋
freak out
原文：
He totally freaked out and didn’t know what to do with it..
释义：
freak out，大惊失色，受到惊吓
例句：
He freaked out when he knew his girlfriend wanted to get married soon.
当他知道他女朋友想尽快结婚的时候，他被吓到了。
➌
cut back on
原文：
So at least cutting back on that could be healthier for some people.
释义：
cut back on，减少。
例句：
You should cut back on sweets if you don’t want to get fat.
如果你不想发胖就要少吃甜食。
以上就是今天的全部内容
希望大家的英语每天都能进步一点点
喜欢的话请多分享哦~