Linux网络状态工具命令使用解析

ss命令用于显示socket状态. 他可以显示PACKET sockets, tcp sockets, UDP sockets, DCCP sockets, RAW sockets, Unix domain sockets等等统计. 它比其他工具展示等多tcp和state信息. 它是一个非常实用、快速、有效的跟踪IP连接和sockets的新工具.SS命令可以提供如下信息：

所有的TCP sockets

所有的UDP sockets

所有ssh/ftp/ttp/https持久连接

所有连接到Xserver的本地进程

使用state（例如：connected, synchronized, SYN-RECV, SYN-SENT,TIME-WAIT）、地址、端口过滤

所有的state FIN-WAIT-1 tcpsocket连接以及更多

很多流行的Linux发行版都支持ss以及很多监控工具使用ss命令.熟悉这个工具有助于您更好的发现与解决系统性能问题.本人强烈建议使用ss命令替代netstat部分命令,例如netsat -ant/lnt等.

展示他之前来做个对比,统计服务器并发连接数

netstat

# time netstat -ant | grep EST | wc -l

3100

real 0m12.960s

user 0m0.334s

sys 0m12.561s

# time ss -o state established | wc -l

3204

real 0m0.030s

user 0m0.005s

sys 0m0.026s

netstat

# time netstat -ant | grep EST | wc -l

3100

real 0m12.960s

user 0m0.334s

sys 0m12.561s

# time ss -o state established | wc -l

3204

real 0m0.030s

user 0m0.005s

sys 0m0.026s

结果很明显ss统计并发连接数效率完败netstat,在ss能搞定的情况下, 你还会在选择netstat吗, 还在犹豫吗, 看以下例子,或者跳转到帮助页面.

常用ss命令：

ss -l 显示本地打开的所有端口

ss -pl 显示每个进程具体打开的socket

ss -t -a 显示所有tcp socket

ss -u -a 显示所有的UDP Socekt

ss -o state established '( dPORT = :smtp or sport = :smtp )' 显示所有已建立的SMTP连接

ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )' 显示所有已建立的HTTP连接

ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/* 找出所有连接X服务器的进程

ss -s 列出当前socket详细信息:

ss -l 显示本地打开的所有端口

ss -pl 显示每个进程具体打开的socket

ss -t -a 显示所有tcp socket

ss -u -a 显示所有的UDP Socekt

ss -o state established '( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )' 显示所有已建立的SMTP连接

ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )' 显示所有已建立的HTTP连接

ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/* 找出所有连接X服务器的进程

ss -s 列出当前socket详细信息:

显示sockets简要信息

列出当前已经连接，关闭，等待的tcp连接

# ss -s

Total: 3519 (kernel 3691)

TCP: 26557 (estab 3163, closed 23182, orphaned 194, synrecv 0, timewait 23182/0), ports 1452

Transport Total IP IPv6

* 3691 - -

RAW 2 2 0

UDP 10 7 3

TCP 3375 3368 7

INET 3387 3377 10

FRAG 0 0 0

# ss -s

Total: 3519 (kernel 3691)

TCP: 26557 (estab 3163, closed 23182, orphaned 194, synrecv 0, timewait 23182/0), ports 1452

Transport Total IP IPv6

* 3691 - -

RAW 2 2 0

UDP 10 7 3

TCP 3375 3368 7

INET 3387 3377 10

FRAG 0 0 0

列出当前监听端口

# ss -l

Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port

0 10 :::5989 :::*

0 5 *:rsync *:*

0 128 :::sunrpc :::*

0 128 *:sunrpc *:*

0 511 *:http *:*

0 128 :::ssh :::*

0 128 *:ssh *:*

0 128 :::35766 :::*

0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:*

0 128 ::1:ipp :::*

0 100 ::1:smtp :::*

0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:*

0 511 *:https *:*

0 100 :::1311 :::*

0 5 *:5666 *:*

0 128 *:3044 *:*

# ss -l

Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port

0 10 :::5989 :::*

0 5 *:rsync *:*

0 128 :::sunrpc :::*

0 128 *:sunrpc *:*

0 511 *:http *:*

0 128 :::ssh :::*

0 128 *:ssh *:*

0 128 :::35766 :::*

0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:*

0 128 ::1:ipp :::*

0 100 ::1:smtp :::*

0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:*

0 511 *:https *:*

0 100 :::1311 :::*

0 5 *:5666 *:*

0 128 *:3044 *:*

ss列出每个进程名及其监听的端口

# ss -pl

ss列所有的tcp sockets

# ss -t -a

ss列出所有udp sockets

# ss -u -a

ss列出所有http连接中的连接

# ss -o state established '( dport = :http or sport = :http )'

•以上包含对外提供的80，以及访问外部的80

•用以上命令完美的替代netstat获取http并发连接数，监控中常用到

ss列出本地哪个进程连接到x server

# ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/*

ss列出处在FIN-WAIT-1状态的http、https连接

# ss -o state fin-wait-1 '( sport = :http or sport = :https )'

ss常用的state状态：

established

syn-sent

syn-recv

fin-wait-1

fin-wait-2

time-wait

closed

close-wait

last-ack

listen

closing

all : All of the above states

connected : All the states except for listen and closed

synchronized : All the connected states except for syn-sent

bucket : Show states, which are maintained as minisockets, i.e. time-wait and syn-recv.

big : Opposite to bucket state.

established

syn-sent

syn-recv

fin-wait-1

fin-wait-2

time-wait

closed

close-wait

last-ack

listen

closing

all : All of the above states

connected : All the states except for listen and closed

synchronized : All the connected states except for syn-sent

bucket : Show states, which are maintained as minisockets, i.e. time-wait and syn-recv.

big : Opposite to bucket state.

ss使用IP地址筛选

ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN

src：表示来源

ADDRESS_PATTERN：表示地址规则

如下：

ss src 120.33.31.1 # 列出来之20.33.31.1的连接

＃　列出来至120.33.31.1,80端口的连接

ss src 120.33.31.1:http

ss src 120.33.31.1:80

ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN

src：表示来源

ADDRESS_PATTERN：表示地址规则

如下：

ss src 120.33.31.1 # 列出来之20.33.31.1的连接

＃　列出来至120.33.31.1,80端口的连接

ss src 120.33.31.1:http

ss src 120.33.31.1:80

ss使用端口筛选

ss dport OP PORT

OP:是运算符

PORT：表示端口

dport：表示过滤目标端口、相反的有sport

ss dport OP PORT

OP:是运算符

PORT：表示端口

dport：表示过滤目标端口、相反的有sport

OP运算符如下：

<= or le : 小于等于 >= or ge : 大于等于

== or eq : 等于

!= or ne : 不等于端口

< or lt : 小于这个端口 > or gt : 大于端口

<= or le : 小于等于 >= or ge : 大于等于

== or eq : 等于

!= or ne : 不等于端口

< or lt : 小于这个端口 > or gt : 大于端口

OP实例

ss sport = :http 也可以是 ss sport = :80

ss dport = :http

ss dport \> :1024

ss sport \> :1024

ss sport \< :32000

ss sport eq :22

ss dport != :22

ss state connected sport = :http

ss \( sport = :http or sport = :https \)

ss -o state fin-wait-1 \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) dst 192.168.1/24

ss sport = :http 也可以是 ss sport = :80

ss dport = :http

ss dport \> :1024

ss sport \> :1024

ss sport \< :32000

ss sport eq :22

ss dport != :22

ss state connected sport = :http

ss \( sport = :http or sport = :https \)

ss -o state fin-wait-1 \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) dst 192.168.1/24

为什么ss比netstat快：

netstat是遍历/proc下面每个PID目录，ss直接读/proc/net下面的统计信息。所以ss执行的时候消耗资源以及消耗的时间都比netstat少很多

ss命令帮助

# ss -h

Usage: ss [ OPTIONS ]

ss [ OPTIONS ] [ FILTER ]

-h, --help this message

-V, --version output version information

-n, --numeric don't resolve service names

-r, --resolve resolve host names

-a, --all display all sockets

-l, --listening display listening sockets

-o, --options show timer information

-e, --extended show detailed socket information

-m, --memory show socket memory usage

-p, --processes show process using socket

-i, --info show internal TCP information

-s, --summary show socket usage summary

-4, --ipv4 display only IP version 4 sockets

-6, --ipv6 display only IP version 6 sockets

-0, --packet display PACKET sockets

-t, --tcp display only TCP sockets

-u, --udp display only UDP sockets

-d, --dccp display only DCCP sockets

-w, --raw display only RAW sockets

-x, --unix display only Unix domain sockets

-f, --family=FAMILY display sockets of type FAMILY

-A, --QUERY=QUERY, --socket=QUERY

QUERY := {all|inet|tcp|udp|raw|unix|packet|netlink}[,QUERY]

-D, --diag=FILE Dump raw information about TCP sockets to FILE

-F, --filter=FILE read filter information from FILE

FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ]