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中学英语宾语从句语法讲解

[宾语从句歌诀]

  宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展风采。

  展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关。

  主从时态要一致,陈述语序永不变。

  陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连。

  特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换。

  三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意。

  留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间。

  [歌诀解码]

  一、三姊妹

  宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型:

  1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如:

  We knew (that)we should learn from each other.

  2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如:

  Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.

  3. 由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如:

  Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?

  二、三关

  1. 引导词关

  如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。

  2. 语序关

  ①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。如:

  He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.

  ②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。如:

  Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.

  When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.

  3. 时态关

  ①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如:

  I have heard(that)he will come back next week.

  ②如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如:

  He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.

  注意:如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。如:

  He said that light travels much faster than sound.

  三、人称的变化和标点的使用

  1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。如:

  “May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.

  “Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.

  2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。如:

  Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.

  Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?

  四、两副面孔

  if和when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如:

  If it rains tomorrow,I won’t come.(时间状语从句)

  I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (宾语从句)

  五、从句的简化

  1. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:

  She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

  2. 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:

  She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.

  3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。如:

  Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?

宾语从句专项练习

一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。

1.These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.

He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.

2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.

My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.

3.There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.

Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.

4.Can they speak French? I want to know.

I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.

5.Are the children playing games? Tell me.

Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.

6.Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.

Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.

7.How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?

Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?

8.Where did she park her car? Do you know?

Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?

9.What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.

The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.

10.Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.

I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.

11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.

I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.

12. What's his name? I asked him.
I asked him what _____ _____ _____.

13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.

Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.

14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.

He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.

15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.

I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.

二、选择填空。

( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.

A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it

C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring

( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.

A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon

C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry

( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.

A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost

C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car

( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.

A. whether he has finished reading the book

B. why the boy had so many questions

C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris

( )5. Could you tell me ___________?

  A. where do you live   B. who you are waiting for

  C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in

( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.

  A. why she left   B. why did she leave

 C. why she had left  D. why had she left

( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.

  A. rise  B. rose  C. rises  D. had risen

( don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.

A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got

( )9. The manager came up to see __________.

  A. what was the matter  B. what the matter was

C. what the matter is D. what's the matter

( )10. He asked his father _______.

  A. where it happens B. where did it happen

  C. how it happened D. how did it happen

( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.

  A. how we should do B. what should we do

  C. how to do it D. what to do it

( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.

  A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking

( don't know _______their parents are.

A that B what C why D which

( )14. ─Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set?

─ Sorry, I've no idea.

  A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought

( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.

  A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another

( )16. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA.

  A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone

  C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone

( )17. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.

  ─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.

  A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain

  C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains

( )18. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.

  A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive

C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives

( Liu said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk.

A. that B. where C. which D. what

( )20. He asked me _______.

A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup

B. when was the APEC meeting held

C. when China became a member of the WTO

D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held

( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper ______ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.

A. that B. how C. what D. if

( )22. You must remember _______.

A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say

C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said

( )23. I don”t know ______ .

A. which room I can live B. which room can I live

C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in

( )24.--Do you know when he ______ back ?

--Sorry , I don”t . When he _______back , I”ll tell you .

A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come

C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come

( )25 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.

A. took B. take C. takes D. will take

( )26 Mary said that she ___ to Guangzhou.

A. has never gone B. had never gone

C. has never been D. had never been

( )27 The students want to know whether they___ a PE class today.

A. had B. has C. will have D. are

( )28. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?

A. who B. what C. when D. that

( don't know ___ they have passed the exam.

A. what B. if C. when D. where

( )30. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?

A. what B when C why D how

三、用合适的连接词填空。

1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.(how, why)

2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today?(who, whom)

3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.(that, if)

4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.(how, who)

5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon)

6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)

7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)

8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what)

9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)

10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what)

四、句型转换。

1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)→

Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it.

2. I think this is a good idea.(改为否定句) →

I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.

3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.(改为复合句) →

  Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.

4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.(改为简单句) →

  I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.

5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句)

五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.

2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?

3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?

4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer.

5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday.

6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work).

7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.

8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain.

9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him.

10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.

宾语从句参考答案:

一、1.that, were 2.that, travels 3.that, would be 4.if/whether they can speak 5.if/whether, are playing 6.if/whether he had finished his 7. how many people you can see 8.where she parked 9.what he, talked 10.who knocked 11.if/whether, lives 12.his name was 14.if/whether, wanted 15.if/whether, was

二、1—5: DDDBB 6—10:ACDBC 11—15:CCBAD 16—20:BCDAC 21—25:DACCA 26—30:DCCBA

三、1.why 2.who 3.that 4.how 5.how soon 6.whether 7.whether 8.what 9.why 10.what

四、1.if/whether he wanted 2.don’t think, is 3.which trousers she can 4.how to get 5.will they

五、1.will go 2.was 3. is 4.would 5.swam 6.works

7.had finished 8.hike 9.helped 10.to go






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