鲁达 baby [ˈbeɪbɪ] n. 婴儿
bachelor [ˈbætʃələ(r)] n. 未婚男子, 单身汉
back [bæk] ad. 回（原处）；向后 a. 后面的 n. 背后, 后部；背
back and forth 来回，往返
back to back 背靠背
look back 回顾
put back 放回去
turn one’s back on 避开，不理睬
backache [ˈbækeɪk] n. 背痛
background [ˈbækɡraʊnd] n. 背景
backward(s) [ˈbækwəd] ad. 向后
backward and forward 来来回回
bacon [ˈbeɪkən] n. 咸猪肉；熏猪肉
bacterium [bækˈtɪərɪəm] (复bacteria) n. 细菌
bad (worse, worst) [bæd] a. 坏的；有害的, 不利的；严重的
badly [ˈbædlɪ] ad. 坏, 恶劣地
badminton [ˈbædmɪntən] n. 羽毛球
bag [bæɡ] n. 书包；提包；袋子
baggage [ˈbæɡɪdʒ] n. 行李
a piece of/an article of baggage 一件行李
bake [beɪk] v. 烤； 烘（面包）
bakery [ˈbeɪkərɪ] n. 面包店
balance [ˈbæləns] n. 平衡
1) n. ① 平衡
keep a balance (between A and B)
lose one’s balance
disturb the balance of one’s mind
② 余额 (常用单数）
check your bank balance
③ 欠款（常用单数）
The balance of 500 yuan must be paid within 90 days.
be/hang in the balance 未定的， 悬而未决的
catch/throw sb. off balance 使...…失去平衡； 使…...不知所措
on balance 总的来说
2）v. ①保持平衡
~（sth）on sth
He balanced the cup on her knee.
②同等重视
balance A with/and B
balance home life with career
③比较权衡
balance A against B
balance the cost against its benefit
balanced adj.平衡的
be on a balanced diet
balcony [ˈbælkənɪ] n. 阳台；楼座
ball [bɔːl] n. 球 n. 舞会
ballet [ˈbæleɪ] n. 芭蕾舞
balloon [bəˈluːn] n. 气球
ballpoint = ballpoint pen/ `bɔl,pɔɪnt / 圆珠笔
bamboo [bæmˈbuː] n. 竹
ban [bæn] n. 禁令 v. 禁止；取缔
a ban on smoking 禁烟令
place… under ban 对…...加以禁止
ban sb. from sth./ doing 禁止某人做......
banana [bəˈnɑːnə; (US) bəˈnænə] n. 香蕉
band [bænd] n. 乐队
bandage [ˈbændɪdʒ] n. 绷带
bang [bæŋ] int. 砰
bank [bæŋk] n. （河海湖的）岸, 堤 n. 银行
bank account [bæŋk əˈkaʊnt] n. 银行账户
bar [bɑː(r)] n. 条（长方）块, 棒, 横木 n.（酒店的）买酒柜台；酒吧；（卖东西的）柜台
1) n. 条，块，障碍
a bar of chocolate/soap
Being a woman was a bar to promotion（晋升）.
2) vt. 封堵，阻止
All the doors and windows were barred.
bar sb. from...
bar players from drinking
barbecue [ˈbɑːbɪkjuː] n. 烤肉野餐
barber [ˈbɑːbə(r)] n. （为男人理发）理发师
barbershop/ `bɑrbər,ʃɑp / n. 理发店
bare [beə(r)] a. 裸露的, 光秃秃的
bargain [ˈbɑːɡɪn] n. （经讨价还价后）成交的商品；廉价货 v. 讨价还价
Those shoes are a real bargain at such a low price.
bargain with sb about /over sth
bark [bɑːk] v. 狗叫 n. 狗叫声
barrier ['bærɪə] n. 屏障, 障碍, 关卡
base [beɪs] n. 根据地, 基地（棒球）垒
base sth on/upon sth 使......以...…为基础
His book is based on a true story.
be based in 以...为基地,把基地设在
The toy company is based in Guangzhou.
basic adj 基本的
basic knowledge/skills
basically adv.基本上
baseball [ˈbeɪsbɔːl] n. 棒球
basement [ˈbeɪsmənt] n. 地下室
basic [ˈbeɪsɪk] a. 基本的
basin [ˈbeɪs(ə)n] n. 水盆, 脸盆
basis [ˈbeɪsɪs] n. 原因, 缘由, 要素
1）基础，要素
form the basis of…
2) 基准，原则
on a regular /permanent basis 以定期的/永久的方式
3) 原因，缘由
on the basis of…
Some videos were banned on the basis of violence.
basket [ˈbɑːskɪt; (US) ˈbæskɪt] n. 篮子
basketball [ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl] n. 篮球
bat [bæt] n. （棒球、板球的）球棒 n. 蝙蝠
bath [bɑːθ; (US) bæθ] n. 洗澡；浴室；澡盆
have/take a bath
bathe [beɪð] vi. 洗澡；游泳
be bathed in …沉浸在,沐浴着（光线）
bathroom n.浴室
bathrobe [ˈbɑːθrəʊb] n. 浴衣
bathroom [ˈbɑːθruːm] n. 浴室, 盥洗室
bathtub ['bɑ:θtʌb] n. 澡盆
battery [ˈbætərɪ] n. 电池
battle [ˈbæt(ə)l] n. 战斗；战役
battleground [ˈbæt(ə)lɡraʊnd] n. 战场
bay [beɪ] n. 湾； 海湾
BC/ˌbiːˈsiː/ n. 公元前
be [biː] v. 是（原形）,其人称和时态形式有(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)；成为
beach [biːtʃ] n. 海滨, 海滩
beam [biːm] n. 平衡木
bean [biːn] n. 豆, 豆科植物
beancurd ['bi:nkə:d] n. 豆腐
bear [beə(r)] v. 承受, 负担, 承担；忍受；容忍 n. 熊
1）承受 (重量)
The ice is too thin to bear your weight.
2) 负担, 承担
bear the cost/ burden/responsibility
3）忍受;容忍 （常用于疑问句、否定句，与can, could 连用） bear to do/doing
bear…in mind 记住......
beard [bɪəd] n. （下巴上的）胡须
beast [biːst]n. 野兽；牲畜
beat (beat, beaten) [biːt] v. 敲打；跳动；打赢 n. （音乐）节拍
My heart is beating faster than usual.
Waves are beating the shore.
He beat me in the game.
beautiful [ˈbjuːtɪf(ə)l] a. 美, 美丽, 美观的
beauty [ˈbjuːtɪ] n. 美丽, 美人
because [bɪˈkɔz; (US) bɪˈkɔːz] conj. 因为
become (became, be come) [bɪˈkʌm] v. 变得；成为
bed [bed] n. 床
bedclothes [ˈbedkləʊðz] n. 铺盖（被褥等）
beddings [ˈbedɪŋ] n. 卧具, 铺盖
bedroom [ˈbedruːm] n. 寝室, 卧室
bee [biː] n.. 蜜蜂
beef [biːf] n. 牛肉
beehive [ˈbiːhaɪv] n. 蜂箱
beer [bɪə(r)] n. 啤酒
before [bɪˈfɔː(r)] prep. 在…以前；在…前面 ad. 以前 conj. 在…之前
prep. 在…之前，先于
conj. 在…以前；在…之前
adv. 以前；在前
It will be +段时间+before+ do/does…要过多久才…
It was +段时间+before+ did…没过多久就…
beg [beɡ] v. 请求, 乞求, 乞讨
beg—begged—begged—begging
beg sb. to do 请求/乞求某人做某事
I beg your pardon. 对不起/请原谅/请再讲一遍（降调）
begin(began,begun) [bɪˈɡɪn] v.开始,着手
beginning [bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ] n. 开始, 开端
begin with=start with 以…开始
to begin with=to start with (插入语)首先、第一
I don’t like living here. To begin with, the room is far too small.
at the beginning of…
in the beginning= at first
behalf [bɪˈhɑːf] n. 代表某人, 为了某人
behave [bɪˈheɪv] v. 守规矩, 行为
He behaved as if nothing had happened.
behave badly/well/like a true gentleman
behave oneself 表现得体，有礼貌
well/badly behaved children
behaviour/ bɪ`heɪvjər / n. 行为, 举止
good/bad behaviour
be on your best behaviour 尽量表现得体
behind [bɪˈhaɪnd]prep. (表示位置)在…后面 ad. 在后面；向后
drop/fall behind 落后
leave sb./sth. behind 遗落、忘带
being [ˈbiːɪŋ] n. 物；生物；人
Belgium [ˈbeldʒəm] * n. 比利时
belief [bɪˈliːf] n. 信条, 信念
1）相信，信心
I admire his belief in what he is doing.
2) 看法，信念 （不可数）
He acted in the belief that he was doing good.
There is a general belief that things will soon get better.
3) 信仰 （可数 beliefs） religious/ political beliefs
beyond belief 难以置信
to the best of one’s belief 尽其所知
believe [bɪˈliːv] v. 相信, 认为
believe it or not (插入语)信不信由你
It is believed that he is a good teacher. =He is believed to be a good teacher.
bell [bel] n. 钟,铃;钟(铃)声;钟形物
belly [ˈbelɪ] n. 肚子
belong [bɪˈlɔŋ] vi. 属, 附属
belong to 属于（无被动）
The house belonging to her is under repair.
below [bɪˈləʊ] prep. 在……下面
belt [belt] n. （皮）带
bench [bentʃ] n. 长凳；工作台
bend (bent, bent) [bend] vt. 使弯曲
bend—bent—bent
She was bent over her desk writing a letter. 她正伏案写信。
beneath [bɪˈniːθ] prep. 在…下方（面）
beneficial [benɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l] a. 有利的, 有帮助的, 有用的
be beneficial to...
benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt] n. / v.优势,益处,使…受益
1) n. 优势，益处（不可数）
She didn’t get much benefit from her staying abroad.
be of benefit to...=be beneficial to ... = to one’s benefit 对某人有利
for one’s benefit = for the benefit of sb. 为了帮助.../为了某人的利益
2） vt./ vi. 使受益；获益
benefit sb./ sth
benefit from/ by...
bent [bent] a. 弯的
beside [bɪˈsaɪd] prep. 在…旁边；靠近
besides [bɪˈsaɪdz] prep. 除…以外（还有） ad. 还有, 此外
best（good, well 的最 高级） [best] a. & ad. 最好的；最好地, 最 n. 最好的（人或物）
do/try one’s best to do 尽全力做
make the best of… 尽量利用......
all the best （书信结语）一切顺利、万事如意
best--seller [best- ˈselə(r)] n. 畅销书
better (good, well 的 比较级) [ˈbetə(r)] a.& ad. 较好的, 更好的；好些； 更好地；更, 更多n. 较好的事物；较优者 v. 改善；胜过
had better do… 最好做…
否定：had better not do
be better worth reading 更值得读
be better known 更著名的
betray [bɪˈtreɪ] v.出卖,泄露（机密）,辜负
between [bɪˈtwiːn] prep. 在（两者）之间；在…中间
beyond [bɪˈjɔnd] prep. (表示位置) 在…的那边
beyond one’s imagination/deion 难以想象/描述
beyond one’s power 超出某人能力范围
beyond my wildest dreams 做梦也没想到
bicycle [ˈbaɪsɪk(ə)l] n. 自行车
bid [bɪd] v./ n. 出价, 投标, 向（某人）道别
bid for sth.
I bid 2000 dollars for the painting. 我出价20000美元买这幅画。
The highest bid for the picture was 20000. 这幅画的最高出价是两万
big [bɪɡ] a. 大的
bike = bicycle [baɪk] n. 自行车
bill [bɪl] n.账单；法案, 议案； （美）钞票, 纸币
billion [ˈbɪlɪən] num. 十亿, 百亿
bingo [ˈbɪŋɡəʊ] n. 宾戈游戏
biochemistry n. 生物化学
biography [baɪˈɔɡrəfɪ] n. 传记
biology [baɪˈɔlədʒɪ] n. 生物（学）
bird [bɜːd] n. 鸟
birdcage [ˈbɜːdkeɪdʒ] n. 鸟笼
birth [bɜːθ] n. 出生； 诞生
at birth 出生时
give birth to 生下，孕育了
birthday [ˈbɜːθdeɪ] n. 生日
birthplace [ˈbɜːθpleɪs] n. 出生地；故乡
biscuit [ˈbɪskɪt] n. 饼干
some chocolate biscuits
bishop [ˈbɪʃəp] n. 主教
bit [bɪt] n. 一点, 一些, 少量的
1) a bit of+不可数n.= a little +不可数n.
He can speak a bit of French.
2) a bit/a little +比较级
a bit more slowly
3) not a bit=not at all 一点儿也不、毫不
bite (bit, bitten) [baɪt] v. 咬；叮
bitter [ˈbɪtə(r)] a. 有苦味的；痛苦的, 难过的；严酷的
black [blæk] n. 黑色 a. 黑色的
blackboard [ˈblækbɔːd] n. 黑板
blame [bleɪm] n.& v. 责备；责怪
1）be to blame 应该受到责备（主动表被动）
2) blame sb. for doing→sb. be blamed for …
blank [blæŋk] n.& a. 空格, 空白（处）；空的；茫然无表情的
1) n. 空白处，空格，(记忆中的)空白,遗忘
fill in the blanks
My mind was a blank and I couldn’t remember her name.
2) adj. 空白的，无装饰的，无图画的，不理解的，没表情的,空虚的
a blank form/ wall
a blank expression
Suddenly my mind went blank.
blanket [ˈblæŋkɪt] n. 毛毯, 毯子
bleed [bliːd] vi. 出血, 流血
bless [bles] vt. 保佑, 降福
blind [blaɪnd] a. 瞎的
be blind to 对...…视而不见、熟视无睹 =turn a blind eye to
block [blɔk] n. 大块；（木、石等）块；街区；路障 vt. 阻塞；阻挡
blood [blʌd] n. 血, 血液
blouse [blaʊz; u.S. blaʊs] n. 宽罩衫；（妇女、儿童穿的）短上衣
blow [bləʊ] n. 击；打击
blow (blew, blown) [bləʊ] v. 吹；刮风；吹气
blow down 吹倒
blow up 爆炸、炸毁
give sb. a blow 给某人打击
blue [bluː] n. 蓝色 a.蓝色的 a. 悲伤的；沮丧的
board [bɔːd] n. 木板；布告牌；委员会；（政府的）部 v. 上（船、火车、飞机）
on board 在船（车、飞机）
board a train 上火车
boat [bəʊt] n. 小船, 小舟
boat--race [bəʊt-reɪs] n. 划船比赛
boating [ˈbəʊtɪŋ] n. 划船（游玩）, 泛舟 body n. 身体
body--building [ˈbɔdɪ-ˈbɪldɪŋ] n. 健美
boil [bɔɪl] v. 沸腾；烧开；煮……
bomb [bɔm] n. 炸弹 v. 轰炸
bond [bɔnd] n. /v. 纽带, 联系, 使牢固
bone [bəʊn] n. 骨头, 骨质（复数bones骨骼；骨骸）
bonus [ˈbəʊnəs] n. 津贴, 奖金, 红利
book [bʊk] n. 书；本子 v. 预定, 定（房间、车票等）
book a room/ ticket
bookcase [ˈbʊkkeɪs] n. 书橱
bookmark [ˈbʊkmɑːk] n. 书签
bookshelf/ `bʊk,ʃelf / n. 书架
bookshop [ˈbʊkʃɔp] n. 书店
bookstore [ˈbʊkstɔː(r)] n. 书店
boom [buːm] n. / v. 繁荣, 轰鸣, 激增
boot [buːt] n. 长统靴；靴
booth [buːð] n.岗；（为某种用途而设的）亭或小隔间
telephone booth [ˈtelɪfəʊn- buːð]电话亭
border [ˈbɔːdə(r)] n. 边缘；边境, 国界
bored / bɔrd / a.（对人, 事）厌倦的, 烦闷的
boring / `bɔrɪŋ / a. 乏味的, 无聊的
be bored with... /to death.
boring adj.令人无聊的
a boring job /book/man
born [bɔːn] a. 出生
borrow [ˈbɔrəʊ] v. （向别人）借用；借
boss [bɔs] n. 领班；老板
botanical [bəˈtænɪk(ə)l] a. 植物学的
botany [ˈbɔtənɪ] n. 植物； 植物学
both [bəʊθ] a. 两；双 pron. 两者；双方
bother vt./vi.
1) 花费时间精力做某事（常用于否定句，疑问句中）
① bother with/ about sth
---Shall I wait? ---No, don’t bother.
It’s not worth bothering with an umbrella.
② bother to do
He didn’t even bother to let me know he was coming.
③ bother doing
Why bother asking if you are not really interested?
2) 给...造成麻烦，痛苦 使...烦恼，担忧
① bother sb with/ about...
I don’t want to bother her with my problems.
---I’m sorry he was rude to you.
--- It doesn’t bother me.
② bother sb. that...
Does it bother you that she earns more than you?
③ bother sb. to do...
It bothers me to think of her alone at home.
3) 打扰 插话
bother sb
Sorry to bother you, but...
be bothered about sb./ sth 认为...重要 关心...
I’m not bothered about what he thinks.
bother n. 麻烦 困难（不可数）
---Thanks for your help. --- it was no bother.
put sb. to bother
get sb. /oneself into bother给某人添麻烦
bottle [ˈbɔt(ə)l] n. 瓶子
bottom [ˈbɔtəm] n. 底部；底
at the bottom of…
from the bottom of one’s heart
bounce [baʊns] v. 弹起, 蹦, 上下晃动
bound [baʊnd] a. 被束缚的；被绑的；有义务的 v.& n. 跳跃
boundary [ˈbaʊndərɪ] n. 边界, 界限
bow [bəʊ] v.& n. 鞠躬, 弯腰行礼
bowl [bəʊl] n. 碗
bowling [ˈbəʊlɪŋ] n. 保龄球
box [bɔks] n. 盒子, 箱子
boxing [ˈbɔksɪŋ] n. 拳击（运动）
boy [bɔɪ] n. 男孩
boycott [ˈbɔɪkɔt] v. 拒绝购买, 抵制
brain [breɪn] n. 脑（子）
brake [breɪk] n. 闸 vi. 刹车
branch [brɑːntʃ] n. 树枝；分枝；分公司, 分店；支部
brand [brænd] n. 品牌
brave [breɪv] a. 勇敢的
bravery [ˈbreɪvərɪ] n. 勇气
bread [bred] n. 面包
break [breɪk] n. 间隙
break out （战争、火灾、疾病等）爆发
break down （车、机器等）坏掉、出故障；分解；（身体）垮掉；
break in 打断；闯入
break up 破碎；（关系）破裂
break away from 摆脱、脱离
break (broke, bro ken) [breɪk] v. 打破（断, 碎）；损坏, 撕开
breakfast [ˈbrekfəst] n. 早餐
breakthrough [ˈbreɪkθruː] n. 重大进展, 突破
breast [brest] n. 乳房, 胸脯
breath [breθ] n. 气息；呼吸
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
take a deep breath 深呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
breathe [briːð] vi. 呼吸
breathless [ˈbreθlɪs] a. 气喘吁吁的, 上气不接下气的
brewery [ˈbruːərɪ] n. 啤酒厂（公司）
brick [brɪk] n. 砖；砖块
bride [braɪd] n. 新娘
bridegroom [ˈbraɪdɡruːm] n. 新郎
bridge [brɪdʒ] n. 桥
brief [briːf] a. 简洁的
bright [braɪt] a. 明亮的；聪明的
brilliant [ˈbrɪlɪənt] a. 巧妙的, 使人印象深刻的, 技艺高的
bring (brought, brought) [brɪŋ] vt. 拿来, 带来, 取来
bring up 提出；教育；养育；呕出
bring down 降低；打倒
bring about 带来
bring in 引进
Britain [ˈbrɪtən] * n. 英国；不列颠
British [ˈbrɪtɪʃ] a. 英国的；大不列颠的；英国人的
the British [ˈbrɪtɪʃ] n. 英国国民；大不列颠人
broad [brɔːd] a. 宽的, 宽大的
broadcast [ˈbrɔːdkɑːst] n. 广播节目
broadcast（broadcast, broadcast或--ed,--ed）[ˈbrɔːdkɑːst] vt. 广播
brochure [brəʊˈʃə(r); (US) brəʊˈʃʊər] n. 资料（或广告）手册
broken [ˈbrəʊkən] a. 弄坏了的
speak in broken English
a broken marriage
broom [bruːm] n. 扫帚
brother [ˈbrʌðə(r)] n. 兄；弟
brotherhood [ˈbrʌðəhʊd] n. 兄弟般的关系
brown [braʊn] n. 褐色, 棕色 a. 褐色的, 棕色的
brunch [ˈbrʌntʃ] n. 早午饭（晚早饭）
brush [brʌʃ] v. 刷；擦 n. 刷子
bucket [ˈbʌkɪt] n. 铲斗；桶
Buddhism [ˈbʊdɪz(ə)m] n. 佛教
Buddhist ['budist] n. 佛教徒
budget [ˈbʌdʒɪt] n. 预算
within / over budget 在预算内/超出预算
on a (tight) budget 缺少钱 拮据
budget vt./vi.预算
~ sth for ... 将...编入预算
~$1,000,000 for education spending
~ for 存钱 编预算
~ for a holiday abroad
buffet [ˈbʊfeɪ; (US) bəˈfeɪ] n. 自助餐
build (built, built) [bɪld] v. 建筑；造
build up 增进、增强
building [ˈbɪldɪŋ] n. 建筑物；房屋；大楼
bun [bʌn] n. 馒头；小甜面包
bunch [bʌntʃ] n. 串,束,扎,大量,大批
bungalow [ˈbʌŋɡələʊ] n. 平房
burden [ˈbɜːd(ə)n] n. （义务, 责任的）重担, 负担
bureaucratic [bjuəˌrəu'krætik] a. 官僚的
burglar [ˈbɜːɡlə(r)] n. 入室窃贼
burial [ˈberɪəl] n. 埋葬
burn (--ed, --ed 或 burnt, burnt) [bɜːn] v. 燃, 烧, 着火；使烧焦；使晒黑 n. 烧伤；晒伤
burn down 烧毁
burn…to the ground= completely destroyed 夷为平地
get burnt 被晒伤
a burning candle 燃烧的蜡烛
burst [ˈbɜːst] v. 突然发生； 突然发作
burst—burst—burst
burst out laughing/ crying= burst into laughter/ tears 突然大笑起来/痛哭起来
bury [ˈberɪ] vt. 埋；葬
bury—buried—buried—burying
bury one’s face in the hands 手捂着脸
bury oneself in… = be buried in… 专心致志于......
bus [bʌs] n. 公共汽车
bus stop [bʌs stɔp] n. 公共汽车站
bush [bʊʃ] n. 灌木丛, 矮树丛
business [ˈbɪznɪs] n. （本分）工作, 职业；职责；生意, 交易；事业
on business 出差
do business with sb.
Business is business. 公事公办。
It’s none of your business. 与你无关。
mind your own business 管好你自己的事
businessman (pl. businessmen) [ˈbɪznɪsmæn] n. 商人（男）；男企业家
businesswoman (businesswomen) [ˈbɪznɪswʊmæn] n. 商人（女）；女企业家
busy [ˈbɪzɪ] a. 忙（碌）的
be busy with sth.
be busy (in) doing 忙于做......
busily adv.
but [bət, bʌt] conj. 但是, 可是 prep. 除了, 除……外
not…but… 不是…而是
we have no choice but to wait. 除了等待别无选择。
We can do nothing but wait. 除了等待什么也不能做。
but for 要不是、若没有（引导含虚拟语气的句子）
But for your help, I would have failed.
butcher ['bʊtʃə] n. vt. 肉店；屠夫 屠宰（动物）；残杀（人）
butter [ˈbʌtə(r)] n. 黄油, 奶油
butterfly [ˈbʌtəflaɪ] n. 蝴蝶
the butterfly 蝶泳
button [ˈbʌt(ə)n] n. 纽扣；（电铃等的）按钮 v. 扣（纽扣）
buy (bought,bought) [baɪ] vt. 买
by [baɪ] prep. 靠近, 在…旁；在…时间；不迟于；被；用；由；乘（车）
by bus/car/plane/air/train/ship… 乘汽车/小汽车/飞机/火车/船
bye [baɪ] int. 再见