鲁达 2016年高考英语集训营
“七选五”阅读——综合检测
（Ⅰ）
Public Speaking and Critical Thinking
What is critical thinking？To a certain degree，it's a matter of logic(逻辑)—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people's arguments and to avoid them in your own.It also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.
In the broad sense，critical thinking is focused，organized thinking—the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas.__1__The greatest thinkers，scientists，and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.That，too，is critical thinking.
__2__As the class goes on，for example，you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your this may seem like a purely mechanical(机械的)exercise，it is closely connected with critical the structure of your speech is loose and confused，chances are that your thinking is also disordered and con，on the other hand，the structure is clear，there is a good chance your thinking is a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already
What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public As you work on expressing your ideas in clear，accurate language，you will approve your ability to think clearly and accura you learn to listen critically to speeches in class，you will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.
If you take full advantage of your speech class，you will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circum is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.
A．Rather，it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.
B．This may seem like a lot of time，but the rewards are well worth it.
C．It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.
D．It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world，only reorganized ideas.
E．If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class，the answer is quite a lot.
F．The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways.
G．As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking，you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.
【解析】 本文是议论文。从广义上说，批判性思维是一种条理性的思维方式，一种能够看到各种观点之间联系的能力。本文作者以组织演讲为例，说明批判性思维的具体表现形式。
1．细节过渡题。根据下文中的“The greatest thinkers，scientists，and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.”可知，世界上没有新的思想，只有重组后的新思想。
答案：D
2．主旨大意题。文章下文是批判性思维和演讲的关系，故E项为该段的段落主题句。
答案：E
3．段落结论题。此空和上句是本段的段落结论，组织演讲不只是安排你已经拥有的想法，而是重塑思想的重要部分。
答案：A
4．细节过渡题。在演讲课上学习到的技能在许多方面使你成为优秀的思想者，此处是总述，下文通过几个并列句进行分述，其实是对段落主题句的照应。
答案：F
5．文章结构题。此空上下文都出现了as引导的时间状语从句，以说明演讲课程的好处，这样G项在结构和语境两方面都很吻合。
答案：G
（Ⅱ）
Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp
Everyone is forgetful，but as we age，we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit—and that can be a very annoying on for some techniques worth trying.
1．__2__
People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer's disease(早老性痴呆症)，according to a recent as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do.There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or shortterm goals appear to do be other words，keep your brain looking forward.
2．Go for a walk.
Mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖)levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels.In fact，exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain.__4__
3．Learn something new.
Take a Spanish class online，join a drawing club，or learn to play cards.A study found that mental stimulation(刺激)limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind.But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same go dancing with your friends.
A．Focus on the future.
B．This can be especially harmful to the aged.
C．It should be something like learning gardening.
D．So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.
E．But don't worry if your schedule isn't filled with lifechanging events.
F．Luckily，research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.
G．In other words，when you take care of your body，you take care of your brain.
【解析】 本文是说明文。如何保持大脑的灵活性，本文给出若干简单易学的方法，其中包括着眼未来、散步以及学习新知识等。
1．细节过渡题。上文提出大脑存在的问题，但是幸运的是，研究表明，你可以做一些事情避免这种情况的发生。
答案：F
2．主旨大意题。此空是下段的小标题，根据下文中的“...keep your brain looking forward.”可以推知，该段主旨大意是着眼未来。
答案：A
3．逻辑关系题。上文提到经常作计划，并着眼未来事务的人患老年痴呆症的机率要少50%，但是即便你的日程里没那么多改变生活的重大事件也不用担心，因为制定一个每周和朋友喝一次咖啡的这样一个简单目标也能实现同样的效果。
答案：E
4．段落结论题。根据上文中的“In fact，exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain.”可以推知，照顾好身体，也就照顾好了大脑。
答案：G
5．文章结构题。上文提到对大脑有好处的活动，再联系下文与空格平行的句子可以推知，此处指：应该是像学习园艺或者与朋友一起跳舞之类的活动。
答案：C
（Ⅲ）
Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience，there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often：ability，money，and is a ;ll save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the ki are three tips for great cooking on tight schedule：
1．Think a moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook？Do you have the right materials already？__2__
2．Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal，make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread？__3__It takes around the same amount of time to make more of save yourself the effort for a future meal.
3．__4__This may surprise you，but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is ex gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and more you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.
Hopefully that gives you a good don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!
A．Try new things.
B．Ability is easily improved.
C．Make three or four instead.
D．Understand your food better.
E．Cooking is a burden for many people.
F．Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.
G．A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.
【解析】 本文介绍了做饭的方法，其中包括提前计划、充分利用时间、尝试新方法等。
1．细节过渡题。上文提到ability，money和time三个方面，下面提到了money和time，所以此处应该是关于ability的话题，故B项正确。
答案：B
2．主旨大意题。根据本段倒数第二句可知，本文主要讲如何充分利用时间，再结合该段小标题Think ahead可得出答案。
答案：G
3．细节过渡题。本段主要讲发挥时间效益，结合下一句“It takes around the same amount of time...”可得出答案为C选项。
答案：C
4．主旨大意题。根据该段中的hit upon new ideas和该段最后一句可知本题选A。
答案：A
5．细节过渡题。联系该空之后的句子意思可知，此处表示做饭并轻松生活才会让自己感到快乐，而不是将其当作负担。
答案：F
（Ⅳ）
Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily li waking moment，the eyes are working to see the world around us.Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight，but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes.Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight：
Schedule yearly exams.__1__Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful c good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment，including eyeglasses.
●Protect against UV rays(紫外线)．Longterm stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes.No matter what the season is，it's extremely important to wear
●Give your eyes a break.Twothirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule：every 20 minutes，take a 20second break and look at something 20 feet away.
●__4__As part of a healthy diet，eat more fruits and vegetables each day.Vitamins(维生素)C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
●Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses(隐形眼镜)．Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eye some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses，many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at ri，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition.
A．Eat your greens.
B．Eye care should begin early in life.
C．They can properly protect your eyes.
D．Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.
E．Parents usually don't care about their own eyesight.
F．Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear.
G．This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了保护视力的五条建议。
1．细节过渡题。本段讲视力应该定期进行年检，空后第一句讲婴儿6～12个月时就要接受检查。所以选B“视力保护从生命早期开始”，与文章一致。
答案：B
2．细节过渡题。本段讲预防紫外线，戴太阳镜可以有效保护视力。因此选C。
答案：C
3．细节过渡题。本段讲注意休息，所以长时间用眼会加重眼疲劳。
答案：G
4．细节过渡题。本段讲健康饮食有利于眼健康，所以要多吃绿色蔬菜。
答案：A
5．主旨大意题。本段讲戴隐形眼镜的注意事项，因此听从医生建议与此一致。
答案：F
（Ⅴ）
Empathy
Last year，researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy，the ability to understand other people，among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years.__1__Today，people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.
Jennifer Freed，a codirector of a teen program，has another ex on the TV，and you're showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting，competing，and generally treating one another with no re
There are good reasons not to follow those bad exam are socially related by na have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high selfre，empathy can be a cure for loneliness，sadness，anxiety，and fear.
Empathy is also an indication of a good leader.In fact，Freed says，many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers.__4__“Academics are im if you don't have emotional(情感的)intelligence，you won't be as successful in work or in your love life，”she says.
What's the best way to up your EQ(情商)For starters，let down your guard and really listen to o
To really develop empathy，you'd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital，join a club or a team that has a diverse membership，have a “sharing circle” with your family，or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.
A．Everyone is different，and levels of empathy differ from person to person.
B．That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time，the researchers said.
C．“One doesn't develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking，”Freed says.
D．Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.
E．Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.
F．Good social skills——including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.
G．Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.
【解析】 本文是议论文。最新的研究表明，富有同情心的人越来越少，可是同情心是一个人的重要素质。学术水平固然重要，但是，情商却决定职场的成败。
1．逻辑关系题。上文先是提出结果，也就是富有同情心的学生数量下降，此处说明原因，这样B项为最佳答案。
答案：B
2．段落结论题。现实社会中充满了打斗、竞争和互不尊重，所以人们就会学习这些东西，而不是学习富有同情心。
答案：D
3．细节过渡题。根据下文中的“Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high selfrespect.”可知，富有同情心对建立人际关系具有决定性作用。
答案：G
4．细节过渡题。根据该段的主题句“Empathy is also an indication of a good leader.”可以推知，社交技能，包括同情心，属于情商，有助于你的成功。
答案：F
5．段落结论题。根据上文中的“For starters，let down your guard and really listen to others.”可知，此处表达同样的语境，意见太多或者说得太多不利于建立同情心。
答案：C
（Ⅵ）
How to Make Friends
Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friendship has many bene offers companionship，improves selfworth and promotes good are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town，or changed our jobs or changes often leaves us without a for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.
1．Associate with others.
The first step to making friends is associating with other can go to public places to meet new ，you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.
2．Start a conversation.
Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new can always start the conver able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.
3．__3__
Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend out will always be a pleasant experience.
4．Let it grow.
It is a good thing to stay in ，try not to press your new friend with calls，messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.
5．Enjoy your friendship.
The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be.Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.
A．Be cheerful.
B．Do things together.
C．Do not wait to be spoken to.
D．Try not to find fault with your friends.
E．Making new friends comes easy for some people.
F．For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.
G．So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.
【解析】 本文是说明文。友谊是每一个人都需要的重要的人际关系，它能提供陪伴、改善自我、有利健康。那么到底怎么样才能交到优秀的朋友呢？本文给出了答案。
1．逻辑关系题。根据下文But所表示的转折意义可知，虽然对有些人来说交朋友容易，但是对有些人来说却需要勇气。
答案：E
2．细节过渡题。联系上文段落主题句，再联系下文“You can always start the conversation.”可以推知，谈话中要主动，不能被动。
答案：C
3．主旨大意题。此处是添加小标题，根据下文中的“...these interests would always bring you and your friend together.”可知，本段指一起做事情。
答案：B
4．细节过渡题。根据上文中的“However，try not to press your new friend with calls，messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend.”可知，要给你朋友时间对你的想法作出回应。
答案：G
5．细节过渡题。根据下文中的“Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be.”可知，此处表示与下文的并列意义，这样也和段落主旨一致。
答案：D
（Ⅶ）
Forgiveness
To forgive is a virtue，but no one has ever said it is ea someone has deeply hurt you，it can be extremely difficult to let go of your ，forgiveness is possible，and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental who forgive show less sadness，anger and stress and more hopefulness，according to a recent research.
__1__Try the following steps：
Calm your can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure：a beautiful scene in nature，or someone you love.
Don't wait for an a times the person who hurt you does not intend to a may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way.__3__Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.
Take the control away from your offender (冒犯者)．Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused you of focusing on your wounded feelings，learn to look for the love，beauty and kindness around you.
__4__If you understand your offender，you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness，fear，and even love.You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.
Don't forget to forgive your it can rob you of your selfconfidence if you don't do it.
A．Why should you forgive?
B．How should you start to forgive?
C．Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.
D．Try to see things from your offender's angle.
E．For some people，forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
F．To make your anger die away，try a simple stressmanagement technique.
G．If you wait for people to apologize，you could be waiting an awfully long time.
【解析】 本文是说明文。原谅是一种美德，但是说起来容易做起来难。本文介绍了若干学会原谅别人的方法，首先是保持镇静，还有及时道歉、发现优点等。
1．细节过渡题。根据下文的“Try the following steps”可知，此处提出“应该如何开始原谅？”，这样上下文的语境才吻合一致。
答案：B
2．细节过渡题。前面的“Calm yourself.”是该段的主题句，此处应该是：让自己消气，并尝试控制压力的方法。
答案：F
3．细节过渡题。根据上文中的“They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way.”等语境可知，让他们道歉的可能性不大，所以如果你等他们道歉可能会很长时间。
答案：G
4．主旨大意题。根据下文中的“If you understand your offender，you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness，fear，and even love.”可知，要学会从对方的角度看问题。
答案：D
5．细节过渡题。根据下文中的“But it can rob you of your selfconfidence if you don't do it.”可以推知，对有些人来说，原谅自己是一件很难的事情。
答案：E