鲁达 最新一代的Actros配备了传统的柴油动力传动系统，使梅赛德斯-奔驰卡车令人印象深刻地展示了我们今天的道路可能带来的安全水平，以及制造商是如何追求其无事故驾驶的愿景。对于eActros，梅赛德斯-奔驰卡车不仅关注主动安全，还关注电动汽车和高压系统带来的挑战。
The latest Actros generation equipped with a conventional diesel drivetrain enabled Mercedes-Benz Trucks to impressively demonstrate the level of safety which is possible to bring to our roads today already as well as how the manufacturer is pursuing its vision of accident-free driving. For the eActros, Mercedes-Benz Trucks didn't just focus on active safety, but also on the challenges which electric vehicles and high-voltage systems bring with them.
自动或手动关闭高压系统
Automatic or manual deactivation of the HV system
作为一般规则，eActros电池、高压线路和其他高压部件的设计和安全的方式，在发生事故时，不仅满足了梅赛德斯-奔驰卡车的高安全要求，而且满足了法律法规的规定。电池温度报警系统集成在电动卡车连续监测高压电池的温度。当温度过高时，驾驶室内的报警系统会发出警告音。当车辆关闭时，警报器也会工作。从构造的角度来看，电池在侧面碰撞中被安装在框架上的特殊碰撞元件保护。这些元素的铝制外形使尽可能多的能量被吸收。它们还集成了传感器，可以检测出碰撞的情况。在这种情况下，高压电池将自动与车辆的其他部分隔离。对于紧急服务人员，在座椅下有额外的控制点，可以关闭高压系统。
As a general rule, the eActros batteries, HV lines and other HV components are designed and secured in such a way that, in the event of an accident, not only the high safety requirements of Mercedes-Benz Trucks are fulfilled, but also the legal and regulatory provisions. The Battery Temperature Warning System integrated in the electric truck continually monitors the temperature of the HV batteries. When the temperature is too high, the alarm system in the cab emits a warning tone. The alarm also works when the vehicle is switched off. From a construction point of view, the batteries are protected in a side-on crash by special crash elements fitted to the frame. The aluminium profile of these elements enables as much energy as possible to be absorbed. Integrated in them are also sensors which can detect a crash situation. In such a case, the HV battery would be automatically isolated from the rest of the vehicle. For emergency service crews, there are additional isolation points located under the seats, with which the HV system can be deactivated.
当关闭时，系统确保在短短几秒内没有剩余电压在高压系统(电池外)，否则会造成伤害的风险。除了自动关闭，如果司机检测到危险，他/她也总是有可能手动启动安装在驾驶室的高压关闭。当高压系统失活时，驱动系统和连续制动功能不再工作。如果低压系统(24v)仍然处于激活状态，则刹车、照明、危险警告灯和转向继续工作。
When switched off, the system ensures within just a few seconds that there is no residual voltage in the HV system (outside of the battery), which would otherwise pose a risk of injury. Besides automatic deactivation, if the driver detects a danger, he/she also always has the possibility to manually actuate the HV shutoff installed in the cab. When the HV system is deactivated, the drive system and continuous brake function no longer work. If the low-voltage system (24 V) remains activated, the service brakes, lighting, hazard warning lights and steering continue to work.
（图片来源于www.mercede）
声学警报系统改善了对eActros的感知
Acoustic warning system improves perception of the eActros
与所有电动汽车一样，eActros在运行时也基本是无声的。在某些情况下，这可能会导致危险的情况，例如，如果行人或骑自行车的人只是注意到电动卡车。为了避免这种危险情况，eActros标准配备了一个外部声学车辆报警系统(AVAS)。
As with all electric vehicles, the eActros is also mostly noiseless in operation. In some cases, this may lead to dangerous situations, for example if pedestrians or cyclists only notice the electric truck too late. In order to avoid such dangerous situations, the eActros is equipped as standard with an external Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System (AVAS).
eActros中的声学警报系统由两个扬声器组成——一个在车辆的前部，一个在车辆的后部。它们彼此相连，与车辆相连。根据驾驶条件，可以播放前进和倒车的声音。向前噪声模拟一个安静的风扇噪声，而在倒车时，则是一个间歇的双音发出。
The acoustic warning system in the eActros comprises two speakers – one at the front and one at the rear of the vehicle. They are connected with one another and with the vehicle. Depending on the driving conditions, sounds for driving forwards and reversing are played. The forwards noise simulates a quiet fan noise, while in reverse, an intermittent two-tone sound is emitted.
AVAS超过了UNECE法规138.01中规定的用于向前行进至少10分贝和倒车至少15分贝的声级。通过这种方式，eActros的良好感知得到了保证。但是，噪音不会超过法律允许的最高水平，而且主观上，司机和行人也不会受到噪音的干扰。此外，还实施了一项超越UNECE法规138.01规定的额外安全功能:一旦驾驶员接触变速器“D”位置并松开驻车制动，就会发出前进时的噪音，以便更好地感知车辆的存在。如果驾驶员切换到变速器“R”位置，则会发出倒车声。
The AVAS more than fulfils the sound levels stated in UNECE Regulation 138.01 for forwards travel by at least 10 dB and for reversing by at least 15 dB. In this way, good perception of the eActros has been assured. The legally permitted maximum level is, however, not exceeded and subjectively, drivers or passers-by are not disrupted by the sounds. Furthermore, an additional safety feature has been implemented which goes above and beyond the stipulations of UNECE Regulation 138.01: as soon as the driver engages transmission position "D" and releases the parking brake, the noise for forwards travel is played in order to allow better perception of the vehicle's presence. If the driver shifts to transmission position "R", the reversing sound is emitted.
转向左侧更安全
Greater safety when turning off to the nearside
电动卡车转向左侧时，改善的感知能力起着核心作用。这一类的交通事故是最严重的市内交通事故之一，尤其是对骑自行车和行人等未采取保护措施的道路使用者，车司机本身也是如此。为了尽可能避免此类事故，或减少其后果，eActros配备了标准的Sideguard Assist S1R。如果卡车司机在向右转弯时意外忽视盲点内的骑车人或行人，该系统可以协助司机进行多级警告过程。对于它的视觉警告信息，S1R使用MirrorCam显示，也安装在eActros上，以取代常规的主镜和广角镜。
The improved perception of an electric truck plays a central role when turning off to the nearside. Accidents in this area are among the worst type of inner-city accident possible, particularly for unprotected road users such as cyclists and pedestrians, but also for the truck drivers themselves. In order to avoid such accidents as far as possible or to at least reduce their consequences, the eActros is equipped as standard with Sideguard Assist S1R. If there is a risk of a truck driver unexpectedly overlooking a cyclist or pedestrian in their blind spot when turning off to the right, the system can assist the driver with a multi-stage warning process. For its visual warning messages, S1R uses the MirrorCam display which is also installed on the eActros in place of regular main and wide-angle mirrors.
侧边辅助系统的核心部分由两个近距离雷达传感器组成，它们位于卡车后轴前副驾驶侧的车架上。该系统的设计目的是监控车辆的整个长度，包括车头2米，车头1米和车头3.75米。然而，侧护辅助S1R并不主动干预刹车系统。在系统警告的协助下，驾驶员有责任及时刹车。
The core of the Sideguard Assist is made up of two short-range radar sensors on the frame on the co-driver's side in front of the truck's rear axle. The system is designed so as to monitor the entire length of the vehicle combination plus two metres to the front, one metre to the rear and up to 3.75 metres to the nearside. Sideguard Assist S1R does not actively intervene in the brake system, however. Assisted by the system's warnings, the driver is responsible for duly braking the vehicle.
（图片来源于www.mercede）
第五代主动制动辅助行人检测
Active Brake Assist 5 with pedestrian detection
多年来,大部分重型货运车辆事故发生在旅行在纵向方向上,例如：一辆卡车发生碰撞事故前或静止的车辆由于司机分心,太短的距离以至于来不及调整车辆速度。随着第五代主动制动辅助(ABA)作为标准安装在eActros，这样的事故通常可以避免。ABA 5使用雷达和摄像系统的组合工作。在侦测到前方车辆、静止障碍物或行人有发生意外的危险后，如行人在车辆前方过马路、向车辆方向走，当车辆在车道上或突然刹车时，系统首先通过视觉和听觉向驾驶员发出警告。如果驾驶员未能充分反应，在第二阶段，系统将启动部分刹车，并以每秒3米的速度减速。这相当于大约50%的最大制动性能。如果发生碰撞的风险持续存在，ABA 5会启动全面刹车——对于移动的行人，这适用于50公里/小时的车速。最后，车辆采用新型电子驻车制动来实现停车。
For years, a large proportion of accidents involving heavy-duty freight vehicles have occurred when travelling in the longitudinal direction: accidents in which a truck collides with a preceding or stationary vehicle due to driver distraction, too short a distance to the vehicle in front or failure to adjust the vehicle speed, for example. With the fifth-generation Active Brake Assist (ABA) installed as standard in the eActros, accidents like this can generally be avoided. ABA 5 works using a combined radar and camera system. Upon detecting the danger of an accident with a preceding vehicle, a stationary obstacle or a person – be that crossing in front of the vehicle, walking towards the vehicle, in the vehicle's lane or suddenly coming to a halt when startled – the system first warns the driver visually and acoustically. If the driver fails to react sufficiently, in the second stage, the system initiates a partial application of the brakes with deceleration of up to three metres per second. This corresponds to roughly 50 percent of the maximum braking performance. If the risk of a collision persists, ABA 5 initiates a full application of the brakes – in the case of moving pedestrians, this applies up to a vehicle speed of 50 km/h. Finally, to come to a stop the vehicle applies the new electronic parking brake.
通过所有的辅助系统，梅赛德斯-奔驰卡车的目标是在每个系统的各自限制内尽可能地支持司机。然而，正如法律所规定的，司机在任何时候都要对安全驾驶车辆负全责。
With all assistance systems, Mercedes-Benz Trucks aims to support the driver as much as possible within the respective limits of each system. However, as the law prescribes, the driver remains fully responsible for driving the vehicle safely at all times.