在复合句中作为定语成分的从句是定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词,定语从句按照英语语法规则应放在先行词后面。关系代词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系代词 who(whom , whose),which , that , as , but 有三个作用;①连词的作用,把主语和从句连接起来;②代词的作用,指代前面的先行词;③一定的语法作用,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等成分
Do you know the boy who is standing over there?
你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗?
(1).当先行词是 all , anything , everything , something , nothing , much , little , none 等不定代词或被这些不定代词修饰时,关系代词一般用 that ,并且可以省略。
That's all (that)I could do at that time.
那是当时所有我能做的。
(2).如果先行词被形容词最高级、序数词,以及 the only, the very 等词修饰时,关系代词常用 that。
This is the best TV set that is made in china.
这是最好的国产电视机。
(3).当关系代词在从句中用作介词宾语时,介词在关系代词前时用 which ;介词在句末时用 which 或 that 都可以。
She hasn't got enough money with which to buy the car.
她没有足够的钱来买车 。
(4).当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的疑问句时,定语从句的引导词应用 that ,而不用 which 或 who
Who is the girl that is in the red dress?
穿红裙子的女孩子是谁?
(5).当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时,定语从句要用 that 引导,不能用 which
They are talking about the workers and the factory that they have visited.
他们正在谈论访问过的工人和参观过的工厂。
(6)关系代词在限制性定语中作表语且带有类比含义时,通常用 that 引导,不能用 which。
Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.
我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。
“介词 + which(whom)”引导的定语从句
如果 which 或 whom 在定语从句中充当介词的宾语,那么这个介词可以提到从句之前,构成“介词 + which(whom)”引导的定语从句。当介词和从句中谓语构成短语动词(如 look after,look for,look forward to 等)时,不能将其拆开。
This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks.
这就是过去几周来他们反复讨论的那个问题。
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词 when,where,why 等引导的定语从句分别用来修饰表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。这些关系副词在从句中均作状语。
At that time when I saw him,he was well.
我看到他时,他身体很好。
以 the way 为先行词的定语从句通常由 in which 或 that 引导,而且通常可以省略
The way(in which/that)he answered the question was surprising.
他回答问题的方式让人很惊讶。
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