鲁达 凡经所历，皆为序章。但握不住的沙，不如扬去。不要沉湎序章，过好当下，有所爱有所期待，生活才会更顺意。一个人有过去、现在、将来，我们所学的时态也有一般过去时、一般现在时、一般将来时。
一、一般过去时
1.定义
(1)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作
(2)表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态
2.结构
(1)主语+was/were+其他
(2)主语+情态动词(could/might...)+动词原形
(3)主语+行为动词过去式+其他
(4)行为动词过去式规则变化
①一般情况下直接加ed,如:play→played
②以不发音的e结尾→加d,如:like→liked
③以辅音字母加y结尾,去y为i再加ed,如:study→studied
④以重读闭音节(辅元辅)结尾,双写末字母再加ed,如:plan→planned
注意: 行为动词过去式不规则变化,详见→
3.时态标志词
yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night/week/month/year, just now, at that time
used to, the other day, 时间+ago, in+过去年份...
4.句型转换
(1)肯定句
①主语+was/were+其他.
I was a student.
②主语+情态动词(could/might...)+动词原形+其他
He could swim.
③主语+行为动词过去式+其他
He went swimming yesterday.
He played games yesterday.
(2)否定句
①主语+was/were+not+其他.
I was not a student.
②主语+情态动词(could/might...)+not+动词原形+其他
He could not swim.
③主语+助动词(did)+not+动词原形+其他
They didn't play football.
(3)一般疑问句
①Was/Were +主语+其他？
肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.
否定回答:No,主语+wasn't/weren't.
--Were you a student？
--Yes,I was.
--No,I wasn't.
②情态动词(Could/Might...)+主语+动词原形+其他？
肯定回答:Yes,主语+could.
否定回答:No,主语+couldn't.
--Could he swim when he was young?
--Yes,he could.
--No,he couldn't.
③助动词(Did)+主语+动词原形+其他？
肯定回答:Yes,主语+did.
否定回答:No,主语+didn't.
--Did they often play football when they was young?
--Yes,they did.
--No,they didn't.
(4)特殊疑问句
①特殊疑问词+was/were+主语？
What was your job last year?
②特殊疑问词+情态动词(could...)+主语+动词原形+其他？
What could they do when they was young?
③特殊疑问词+助动词(did)+主语+动词原形+其他？
What did he do yesterday?
二、一般现在时
1.定义
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作
(2)表示事物或人物的特征或状态
(3)表示客观真理、科学事实或名言警句
2.结构
(1)主语+am/is/are+其他
(2)主语+情态动词(can/may/need...)+动词原形
(3)主语+行为动词+其他
①非三单主语(不是第三人称单数主语)+动词原形+其他
②三单主语(第三人称单数主语)+动词三单形式(动词第三人称单数形式)+其他
注意→第三人称单数主语主要有:他她它(he/she/it)、可数名词单数、不可数名词、动名词短语作主语、复合不定代词(something/nothing/everything/someone/somebody/nobody...)...
(4)动词三单形式(动词第三人称单数形式)
①一般情况下直接加s,如:play→plays
②以sh/ch/x/s/o结尾→加es,如:go→goes
③辅音加y结尾,去y为i再加es,如:study→studies
④特殊:have的三单形式是has
3.时态标志词
(1)表示频率或次数:usually/often/always/sometimes/never/hardly/seldom/once a week/twice a week/three times a week
(2)其他:every day/week/month/season/year,on the weekend,on+星期等
4.句型转换
(1)肯定句
①主语+am/is/are+其他.
I am a student.
②主语+情态动词(can...)+动词原形+其他
He can swim.
③主语+行为动词+其他
a.非三单主语+动词原形+其他
They often play football.
b.三单主语+动词三单形式+其他
He often plays football.
(2)否定句
①主语+am/is/are+not+其他.
I am not a student.
②主语+情态动词(can...)+not+动词原形+其他
He can not swim.
③主语+助动词(do/does)+not+动词原形+其他
a.非三单主语+don't+动词原形+其他
They don't often play football.
b.三单主语+doesn't+动词原形+其他
He doesn't often play football.
(3)一般疑问句
①Am/Is/Are +主语+其他？
肯定回答:Yes,主语+am/is/are.
否定回答:No,主语+am not/isn't/aren't.
--Are you a student？
--Yes,I am.
--No,I am not.
注意:考试转换句型通常不会用am提问，通常会以第二人称提问，转换肯定句时注意转换第一人称。但现实运用，am提问是可以的，对自己的提问或在对话中通过问自己希望得到对方肯定回答。
②情态动词(Can...)+主语+动词原形+其他？
肯定回答:Yes,主语+can.
否定回答:No,主语+can't.
--Can he swim?
--Yes,he can.
--No,he can't.
③助动词(do/does)+主语+动词原形+其他？
a.Do+非三单主语+动词原形+其他？
肯定回答:Yes,主语+do.
否定回答:No,主语+don't.
--Do they often play football?
--Yes,they do.
--No,they don't.
b.Does +三单主语+动词原形+其他？
肯定回答:Yes,主语+does.
否定回答:No,主语+doesn't.
--Does he often play football?
--Yes,he does.
--No,he doesn't.
(4)特殊疑问句
①特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语？
How are you?
②特殊疑问词+情态动词(can...)+主语+动词原形+其他？
What can they do?
③特殊疑问词+助动词(do/does)+主语+动词原形+其他？
a.特殊疑问词+do+非三单主语+动词原形+其他？
What do they often do?
b.特殊疑问词+does+三单主语+动词原形+其他？
What does he often do?
5.特殊用法
(1)一般现在时表示客观事实或普遍真理(真理永一现)
The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东边升起)
②一般现在时可以表示将来时间上已确定或安排好要发生的事情(一般现在时表将来,常见词有瞬间动词:come/go/arrive/leave/start/begin等)
The train leaves at 7:00 a.m. tomorrow.(火车明天早上7点开)
③在主从复合句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句)中,时态:主将从现(主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时)
If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will play football outside. (如果明天不下雨,我们就会在户外踢足球)
三、一般将来时
1.定义
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
2.结构
(1)主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他
注意:主语是I或we时,常用shall
(2)主语+be动词(am/is/are) going to+动词原形+其他
3.时态标志词
(1)tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in the future, tonight, soon, from now on
(2)in+未来年份, in+一段时间(在...之后), next+年/季节/月/日...
4.句型转换
(1)肯定句
①主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他
I will go shopping tomorrow.
②主语+be动词(am/is/are) going to+动词原形+其他
I am going to watch a movie with Tom tomorrow.
(2)否定句
①主语+will+not+动词原形+其他
I won't go shopping tomorrow.
②主语+be动词(am/is/are)+not+going to+动词原形+其他
I am not going to watch a movie with Tom tomorrow.
(3)一般疑问句
①Will+主语+动词原形+其他？
肯定回答:Yes,主语+will
否定回答:No,主语+won't
--Will you go shopping with Tom?
--Yes,I will.
--No,I won't.
②Be动词(am/is/are)+主语+going to+动词原形+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+be动词(am/is/are).
否定回答:No,主语+be动词(am/is/are)+not.
--Are you going to go shopping with Tom?
--Yes,I am.
--No,I am not.
5.特殊疑问句
(1)特殊疑问词+will+主语+动词原形+其他？
When will you go shopping with Tom?
(2)特殊疑问词+be动词(am/is/are)+主语+going to+动词原形+其他?
When are you going to go shopping with Tom?
6.特殊用法
(1)There be 句型的一般将来时
①There will be+其他
There will be a football match tomorrow.
②There is/are going to be +其他
There is going to be a football match tomorrow.
(2)可用于表将来的其他结构
①一般现在时可以表示将来时间上已确定或安排好要发生的事情(一般现在时表将来,常见词有瞬间动词:come/go/arrive/leave/start/begin等)
The train leaves at 7:00 a.m. tomorrow.
Here comes the bus.(倒装句)
②在主从复合句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句)中,时态:主将从现(主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时)
If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will play football outside.
③现在进行时可以表示将要发生的动作(现在进行时表将来的意思,常见词有位移动词:come/go/arrive/leave/start/begin等)
He is leaving Guangzhou for Beijing tomorrow.
④“be to+动词原形”表将来
Tom is to be married next week.
⑤“be about to+动词原形”表将来
The bus is about to leave.
⑥will do与be going to do 区别
a.时间长短
will do侧重离现在较远的未来会发生的事情,时间相对较远；
be going to侧重即将要发生或近期计划发生的事情,时间相对较近。
b.主观与客观
will do侧重客观,新闻媒体/气象预报等官方消息,用will do；
be going to do侧重个人意图,强调说话人主观上计划或安排或推测某事。
c.其他注意点
表计划/打算/推测(有明显迹象),用be going to do；
没有事先计划或考虑的临时起意,用will do。