常见的定语从句,按照我们前文讲的“1译2后定3成分4辨析”的解题步骤,可以轻松确定使用什么关系词来引导,但是还存在5种特殊的定语从句,今天我们一起来看看:
①介词+which/whom引导的定语从句, 看从句中的动词、形容词或名词选介词
(因为介词只能在这三类词后构成固定搭配,如talk with,be interested in, pay attention to)
a. The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.
你刚才跟他说话的那个人是我的邻居。
b. He bought me some books in which I was not interested.
他给我买了一些我不感兴趣的书。
c. This is a difficult question to which you should pay attention.
这是一个你应该注意的难题。
②介词+when/where引导的定语从句
a. since when
The book was written in 1946, since when the education system has witnessed great changes.(2007-山东高考)
这本书写于1946年,从那时起教育体制已经发生了巨大的改变。
b. from where
The cemetery and memorial are situated on the cliff overlooking the beach and the English Channel, from where the boats attempted their landings.(高中外研课本)
墓地和纪念碑坐落在俯瞰着沙滩和英吉利海峡的山崖上,正是从这里船只尝试登陆。
We walked up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views. (高中人教课本)
我们往山上走到了一处山脊,从那里我们可以看到美丽的景色。
c.without whose
I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.(2012-天津高考)
我想感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助的话我本不能取得今天的成就。
③关系代词as引导的定语从句,只需记住as“正如”的意思和几个固定句式,
a. 这是一块儿重到没人能举得起的石头。
This is so heavy a stone as no one can lift.
=This is such a heavy stone as no one can lift.
(把句中as换为that,句末需加上it 。This is so heavy a stone that no one can lift it.
对比前句可以发现as=that+ it,既起到连词作用,又起到代词作用,是一个关系代词。)
b. 众所周知:
as is known to all(正如被所有人知道的那样)
= as we all know(正如我们都知道的那样)
=as everyone knows (正如每个人都知道的那样)
c. as is often the case(正如经常发生的情况那样)
d. as an old saying goes (正如一句老话说的那样)
④ the way作先行词的定语从句,that(关系副词)=in+ which (来自于in this way)
The way(that=in which) he answered the question was surprising.
他回答问题的方式是令人惊讶的。
⑤抽象地点作先行词的定语从句
occasion(场合) stage(阶段) point(程度,地步)situation(处境)case(案例)等表抽象地点的先行词,关系词用where。
Marriage is a workshop where husband works and wife shops.
婚姻是一家工作室,在这里丈夫工作妻子购物。(把workshop看作抽象地点)
Marriage is the only war where one sleeps with the enemy.
婚姻是唯一的一种一个人和自己的敌人谁在一起的战争。(把war看作抽象地点)
这5种特殊的定语从句,你看懂了吗?下一篇文章中,我们再来看看定语从句的6个必背句式。