luda
(一个)
1.属性子句的概念：
复合文中修饰某个名词或代词的子句称为定语从句。
2.先行词：
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词：
引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
that指人也指物
which指物
who指人
whom指人，做宾语
whose指人或物，做定语
（二）
1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you .
2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。
This is the very book ______ I’m looking for .
3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。
This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .
4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=
I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .
5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .
2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。
1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。
This is the building in ______ he lives .
2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。
The clock is that _____ tells the time .
3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。
His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now.
3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。
1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who 。
Those ______ are singing are all my classmates .
2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。
There is a girl ______ expects to see you .
3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。
He ______ plays with fire gets burned .
（三）
由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。
where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which
1.由where引导的定语从句。
1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语
Is this the house ______ you lived ?= Is this the house _____ _____ you lived ?
= Is this the house _____ you lived in ?
2.由when引导的定语从句。
1).先行词是表示时间的名词 2).在定语从句中作时间状语
I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.
注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。
When was the last time you saw the parrot ?
3.由why引导的定语从句。
先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。
We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .
特别提示注意事项：
1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。
The story _____ he told was very popular .
A.who B.whom C.whose D. /
2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。
I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs .
She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .
3.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。
Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?
A. which you bought B. that you bought it C. you bought D. you bought it
4.定语从句中whose 的确定：
无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。
判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没有，则用whose 。
The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate .
A. who B. whose C. which D. that
I know the boy . His handwriting is very good .= I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.
中考真题：
1. Do you know the scientist _______ gave us a talk just now? (天津市)
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
2. This is the dictionary _______ Mum gave me for my birthday. (河北省)
A. which B. what C. whose D. whom
4. —Do you know the girl _______ is standing under the tree?
—She is my little sister. (福州市)
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
5. This is the question _______ we are talking about now. (吉林省)
A. that B. who C. where D. when
6. —What are you looking for?
—I am looking for the book _______ I bought yesterday. (长沙市)
A. who B. which C. whose
7. Jack, there is someone in the office _______ would like to speak with you. (厦门市)
A. Who B. which C. whom
8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _______ works hard.
A. which B. / C. whom D. who
9. Many young people prefer the songs _______ have great lyrics. (泰安市)
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
10. The boy _______ I talked with just now is my best friend. (南充市)
A. who B. which C. where
11. —What kind of music do you like?
—I like music _______ I can sing along with. (自贡市)
A. who B. that C. what
12. Have you read the book _______ I gave you yesterday? (茂名市)
A. That B. when C. where
13. The man _______ came to our party with a present is my old friend. (茂名市)
A. when B. which C. who
14. I like writers _______ write short stories. (襄樊市)
A. which B. what C. whom D. who
15. —There are many volunteers _______ are helping the children in Sichuan.
—And most of them are college students. (咸宁市)
A. which B. when C. whose D. who
16. We know Jackie Chan _____ movies are very popular with the young. (恩施自治州)
A. whose B. that C. who D. which
17.I like the teacher_____ classes are very interesting and creative.（2009·甘肃兰州）
A. which B. who C. what D. whose
18..I don’t know the teacher________is talking with Miss Wang. （2009·山东淄博）
A. what B. whom C, which D. who
19..Sorry, we don’t have the coat ______ you need. （2009·河北）
A. what B. who C. whom D. which
20..It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people _____ have helped me. （2009·河南）
A. who B. what C. which D. where
21..The skirt ___ is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it.（2009·湖北孝感）
A. what B. / C. that D. it
22..Jim dislikes people ______ talk much but never do anything. （2009·吉林通化）
A. whom B. when C. whose D. who
23..This is the novel________ is written by Guo Jingming. （2009·山东德州）
A. who B. what C. that D. /
24..--Does the teacher know everybody ____ planted the trees? (2004年哈尔滨中考试题)
---Yes, he does.
A. which B. whose C. where D. who