高考英语专题之2022年高考英语知识点归纳总结，教你轻松拿130分+

高中英语核心考试要点

语法要点

名词

(a)可数名词变成复数的规则

规则更改一般情况

在妈妈上加-s

以s、x、ch、sh结束

在妈妈上加-es

以F/fe结尾

将F/fe更改为v并添加-es

以辅音字母y结束

将y更改为I并添加-es

以o结尾

添加特殊-es

其馀的全部添加-s

不规则变化单复数同构CHINESECHINESE；JapaneseJapanese；sheepsheep；deerdeer；Fish fish

对于单复数——变量内部集合，manmen；WomanWomen；ChildChildren；footfeet；mousemice；

(b)不可数名词

特征：没有复数形式，不需要用骑手修饰

肉类、液体饮料、抽象概念、自然天气、学习科目等常见的名词类

(c)名词拥有资格

-'s所有格名词情况

配置方法

有生命的单数名词

单数名词后加(' s)

有生命的复数名词

以s结尾的复数名词只在词尾加上(')

不以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加上(' s)

几个人共同拥有

仅在最后一个名词后添加(' s)

各自拥有

分别添加到名词后面(' s)

Of拥有格表示无生命事物的所有关系，用“of名词/代词”表示

双重所有格

(1) of名词拥有格(2) of名词性物主代词

(d)一般名词后缀

代词

(一)人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的分类；

人称代词

物主代词

半身代词

主格

宾格

形容词性

名词性

第一人称

单数

I

Me

我的

Mine

迈赛尔

复数形式

We

美国

Our

Ours

Ourselves

第二个人说

单数

刘宇

刘宇

耶尔

尤尔斯

Yourself

复数形式

刘宇

刘宇

耶尔

尤尔斯

Yourselves

第三人称

单数

好结局

Him

海斯

海斯

希梅赛尔夫

谢

许

许

赫尔斯

赫夫勒

It

It

Its

Its

Itself

复数形式

钱德(电视剧)

Them

Their

Theirs

Themselves

(二)代词使用的差异

It的用法是指天气、时间、距离、地点、温度等。以性别或身份不明确的人为形式主语，以动名词、不定式或子句为形式宾语，代替动名词，以不定式或子句为“IT IS/WAS.that/WHO.

It

替换上面提到的同一个东西意味着“同类动物”

That

代替上述可数名词的单数或不可数名词，表特指“类似异物”

圆

代替上述可数名词的单数，一般指“同种异物”

(c)不确定代词

Few、a few、little、a little、many和much之间的差异

表否定(很少)

肯定票(几个/几个)

有很多

可以数

Few

A few

曼尼

数不清

Little

A little

Much(音乐)

冠词

(a)不定冠词

不定冠词在单数可数名词前有A和an的分钟(1)后加上辅音音素的开头的单词。

不定冠词的基本用法

1. 表示泛指，指某(一)个人或某(一)个事物。
2. 表示类指，指一类人或事物。
3. 表示“又一，再一”，用在序数词前。
4. 表示“一个”“某一个”“相同的”“每一”。

不定冠词的特殊用法

1. 当抽象名词表示具体的人或事物，表示一种具体情况、一次具体动作。
2. 当物质名词具体化，不定冠词+物质名词，表示“一杯，一场，……”等含义。

（二）定冠词

1. 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。
2. 特指谈话双方都知道的人或事物，或指上文已经提到的人或事物。
3. 表示地球上或宇宙中独一无二的事物。
4. 用在序数词、形容词最高级前。
5. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
6. 用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派名词前。
7. 用在某些形容词或分词前，表示某一类人。
8. 用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。
9. 用在年代、朝代名词及逢十的数词（表某个年代）前
10. 用在表示方位的名词前

（三）零冠词的用法

1. 泛指的不可数名词、类指的复数名词，不用冠词。
2. 名词前有指示代词、形容词性物主代词不定代词、或名词所有格等限定词时。
3. 在表示学科、三餐、球类运动、棋类运动的名词前。
4. 在表示星期、月份、季节、节日的名词前。
5. 在表示人名、国名、地名、称呼或头衔，职务等名词前。
6. 当 by 与表示交通工具的名词连用表示方式时，名词前不用冠词。

形容词、副词

（一）形容词、副词比较等级

1. 比较等级的构成

1. 规则的变化

1. 不规则的变化

1. 比较等级的常考结构：
2. 原级

as+形容词/副词原级+as(和……一样)

not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as…(不如……)

1. 比较级

比较级+than…(比……更……) the+比较级+of…(两者中更……) 比较级+and+比较级(越来越……)

the+比较级, the+比较级(越……越……) 否定词+比较级 (表示最高级)

1. 最高级

one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词

1. 倍数表达法

A+动词+倍数+as+原级+as+B A+动词+倍数+比较级+than+B

A+动词+倍数+the size/length/weight… of + B

1. than 的固定搭配

no more than =only

no less than 多达， 不少于

more than 超过，非常；不仅仅

more+形容词原级+than+形容词原级，“与其说……不如说……”

（二）易混形容词副词用法

（三）形容词、副词构词法

1. 常见的形容词后缀

1. 形容词构成副词的规则

1. 以-ly 结尾的形容词

lonely 孤独的 friendly 友好的 lively 活泼的 lovely 可爱的

副词+ly 构成另外的副词

near 接近的地 → nearly 几乎 most 最多 → mostly 主要地close 靠近的 → closely 密切地 just 正好 → justly 公正地hard 努力地 → hardly 几乎不 late 晚，迟 → lately 最近地

既作形容词又作副词的词

daily 日常的 weekly 每周的 monthly 每月的

enough 足够 hard 硬的、努力的 late 迟的，晚的

介词

（一）时间介词

（二）方位介词

1. 表示位置

in—包含；to—不相邻；on—接壤；

表示上下

on—在......之上；beneath—在 之下；over—正上方；under—正下方；

above—在……上方；below—在……下方；

（三）动向介词

across—从表面穿过，横过; past—从旁边经过; through—从内部穿过，通过; over—从空间越过， 跨过; around—周围，环绕; along—沿着，顺着

（四）方式介词

（五）其他常考介词

（六）常用的介词搭配

1. 介词与动词的搭配

1. 介词与名词的搭配

charge for…要价 in order 井然有序 in time 及时 by chance 偶然a lack of 缺乏… in addition to…除……之外 success in…在……方面成功in favor of 支持 at a loss 不知所措 out of control 不受控制

1. 介词与形容词的搭配 be concerned about 担心…… be curious about 对……好奇

be disappointed at 对……失望

be absorbed in 专注于

be involved in 包括在……中，被卷入

be anxious for 急切盼望，渴望

be eager for 渴望

be famous for 因……著名be different from 不同于be contrary to 与……相反be devoted to 致力于……

be concerned with 与……有关;涉及，关心，关注

动词时态语态

（一）动词时态结构

（二）动词语态结构

非谓语动词

（一）非谓语动词结构

（二）下列动词后用不定式作宾语

（三）下列动词后用不定式作宾语

虚拟语气

（一）虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用

（二）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用

1. 主语从句
2. It is necessary/important/urgent/essential …… + that sb. (should) do sth.
3. It is sb.’s order/desire/suggestion/advice …… + that sb. (should) do sth.
4. It is suggested/advised/demanded/requested …… + that sb. (should) do sth.

宾语从句

动词是 command/demand/request/require……that sb. (should) do sth.

1. 名词性从句中虚拟关键词一坚持：insist

二命令：order, command

三建议：suggest, advise, recommend

四要求：request, require, desire, demand

三大从句及并列句

（一）定语从句

1. 关系代词用法

1. 关系副词用法

（二）名词性从句

that

that

whether（是否）

） whether / if（是否） as if/as though（好像

because

）

when（时间状语）

wher（e 地点状语） why（原因状语） how（方式状语）

when（时间状语） where（地点状语） why（原因状语） how（方式状语）

when（时间状语）

） where（地点状语） why（原因状语） how（方式状语）

when（时间状语） where（地点状语why（原因状语） how（方式状语）

连接副词

who（谁，主格） whom（谁，宾格which（哪一个） what（ 什 么 ） whose（谁的）

who（谁，主格） whom（谁，宾格） which（哪一个） what（ 什 么 ） whose（谁的）

who（谁，主格）

） whom（谁，宾格） which（哪一个） what（ 什 么 ） whose（谁的）

who（谁，主格） whom（谁，宾格which（哪一个） what（ 什 么 ） whose（谁的）

连接代词

that

） whether（是否）

that whether / if（是否

从属连词

同位语从句

表语从句

宾语从句

主语从句

从句

（三）状语从句

（四）并列句

应用文模板

• 模板 1 通知

通知（一）

Good morning/afternoon, everyone. May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make./There is something important I have to tell you. There is going to be

from 2:00 to 4:00 on Thursday afternoon, January 25th. It will be held in Room

of our classroom building / school auditorium. (说明具体事情或活动内容). Please be there on time.

Please come and join the fun! Thank you for listening/your attention.

通知（二）

Good morning/afternoon, everyone. May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.

In order to/To help , the students’ Union are planning to hold

. All the students and teachers are requested to meet in the Room of our classroom building / school auditorium on Saturday, August 18, at 2:00 pm to discuss questions concerning (有关活动). (说明注意事项). Please be there on time.

You are welcome to join in the contest/discussion/activity..

NOTICE

In order to help us deal with emergencies and save ourselves, a lecture will be held in the lecture hall of our school at 8:00 am on October 16, 2014, Tuesday. The lecture is mainly about surviving in an earthquake, including the signs of a coming earthquake and the dos and don’ts during and after an earthquake. The lecture will be given by Professor Wang, a famous geologist in China.

After the lecture, there will be a video about earthquakes. Everybody is required to be present on time. Please listen attentively and take notes. After the lecture, we’ll have a discussion in groups.

Students’ Union July 2, 2014

模板 2 申请信

申请（一）

Dear Sir or Madam,

I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in ( 名称) of

(发布时间). I’m , from (简单自我介绍). I think I would be a right person due to the following reasons./Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but I also have the right personality for a (工作名称). On the one hand, . On the other hand, . Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me, please feel free to contact me at any time. Thank you for considering my application, and I am look forward to meeting.

Yours sincerely,

XX

申请（二）

Dear Sir or Madam,

I would like to apply for the master’s program in department of your university, an opportunity that I have dreamed since .

To briefly introduce myself, I am a senior student majoring in from University. During my undergraduate study I have demonstrated( 证明)excellent academic ability, which is reflected in my grades and accomplishment. I have attached to this letter my resume, a complete transcript, and three recommendation letters.

I would greatly appreciate it if you could kindly consider my application. If you require more information, please feel free to contact me at .

Looking forwards to your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

模板 3 建议信

1. 点出建议的主题 2. 说明建议的内容 3. 表达愿望

Dear ,

I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to (引出对方需要建议的主题)

Here are a few suggestions.(引出作者建议). First , it is important to . Then, it also

helps to . Besides, it would be a good idea to . you can also . (可以根据要求用不同的句式提出建议)

As to , I suggest (需要具体到某一方面). In addition, (其他的建议).

I’m sure (预测可能的结果，给对方以行动的信心和决心).

I hope (表达愿望)

建议（一）

Dear ,

I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble (遇到的问题). Such problems are quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions may be helpful.

If I were you, To begin with, I would . What’s more/In addition, It is highly suggested that you should . Last but not the least, it’s also a good way for you .

I sincerely hope you can adopt my suggestions./ I sincerely hope the suggestions above will be of some help to you. If there is anything more I can do to help, please let me know.

Yours sincerely,

XX

建议（二）

Dear ,

You have asked me for my advice with regard to , and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here. In my humble opinion, you would be wise enough to take the following actions: ( 建议的内容). I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details. Good luck with your business/exam/trip.

1. I am writing to express my views concerning...
2. I feel that it would be beneficial if...
3. I would like to suggest that...

Yours sincerely,

XX

1. You have asked for my advice with regard to...and I will try to make some suggestions.
2. It seems to me that you could...
3. I believe you will take my advice into account.
4. I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.
5. I will be ready for further discussing this matter into details.
6. If I were you，I would...
7. I would recommend that...
8. It seems to me that you could...
9. I hope that you take my suggestions into serious consideration.

Dear David,

I’m glad you’ll come to Beijing to learn Chinese. Chinese is very useful, and many foreigners are learning it now.

It’s difficult for you because it’s quite different from English. You have to remember as many Chinese words as possible. It’s also important to do some reading and writing. You can watch TV and listen to the radio to practice your listening. Do your best to talk with people in Chinese. You can learn Chinese not only from books but also from people around you.

If you have any questions, please ask me. I’m sure you’ll learn Chinese well. Hope to see you soon in Beijing.

Yours, Wang Ming

模板 4 感谢信

感谢（一）

Dear ,

I am now writing these few lines to express my sincere thanks for (感谢事由). I’d like you to know how much you meant to me. I not only enjoyed , but also

. I shall ever remember as one of the most meaningful/valuable experience in my life. I am looking forward to seeing you next time! I really appreciate what you’ve done for me. Please give my kind regards to your .

感谢（二）

Yours sincerely,

XX

Dear ,

I’m writing to extend my sincere gratitude for (感谢原因). If it had not been for your assistance in ( 对方给你的具体帮助)， I fear that I would have been (没有对方帮助的结果)

Everyone agrees that it was you who (给出细节)

Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you ! please accept my gratitude.

Yours sincerely,

XX

1. I am writing to express my thanks for...
2. Many thanks for your kind invitation.
3. Thanks a lot for your nice present.
4. Thank you ever so much for your warm wishes/greetings/compliments.
5. It’s very kind of you to have us over.
6. We are indebted to you for your help.
7. Thank you so much for the gift you sent me. It’s one of the most wonderful gifts I have ever got.
8. I would like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciation for your timely help and assistance.
9. On behalf of my whole family, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude for...
10. Thanks again for your kind help.
11. Nothing will be able to erase our wonderful memories, we will remember them forever.
12. Please accept my thanks, now and always.
13. Your help is very much appreciated by each of us.
14. My true gratitude is beyond any word’s description.
15. Thank you again from the bottom of my heart.

Dear Wang Lu,

How about your life? I’m writing to thank you for your warm reception during my visit to Beijing this summer holiday(感谢原因)

During the visit, I stayed at your home, and you cooked three delicious meals for me. And you showed me around quite a few places of interest, such as the Great wall, the Forbidden City and the Summer palace. Besides, you took many beautiful photos of me. What’s more, you went shopping with me. I really had a wonderful time. Another thing that I should mention is that your parents were so kind to drive us(具体帮助的细节)

Thank you for your kindness again and give my best regards to your parents (再次感谢)

Yours sincerely,

Ling Hua

模板 5 道歉信

Dear ,

I am sorry to say/tell you that (直接说出道歉事由). Now, I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret. Please accept my sincere apology. I hope you will understand me and excuse me for ( 请 求 对 方 原 谅 事 由 ). The reason for my delay/absence was that (过失的原因). I had no way out because (自己当时的处境和情况). Therefore, it’s not in my power to (过失导致的结果). I wonder if I can

(如何补救). I apology for the inconvenience I have caused. Looking forward to your early reply!

1. I would like to give you my apology for...
2. Please accept my sincere apology for...

Yours sincerely,

XX

1. I am indeed very sorry for what I said/did, but believe I had no intention to hurt you.
2. Let’s not put a little misunderstanding between us.
3. Please forgive me for a stupid choice of words.
4. I feel badly sorry about it and want you to know what happened.
5. Please allow me to say sorry again.
6. Please accept my apologies for my oversight.
7. I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
8. Once again, I’m sorry for any inconvenience caused.

Dear Chris,

How is everything going?

I remember we planned to visit Yunnan in July but now because my left foot was injured, I cannot go with you as planned. I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.

I’m sorry about it. Can I suggest that we put it off until early August? Once again, I’m sorry for any inconvenience caused. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours,

Joe

模板 6 邀请信

Dear ,

(开门见山提出事件/活动、地点、时间). It would be pleasant/honored to have you here.(表达邀请的愿望)。Will you give me the pleasure of your company? (正式发出邀请)

During the party/conference, we will have lots of activities you will be interested in.（开始介绍活动内容） First of all, (要举行的活动内容一). In addition, (要举行的活动内容二). I know/believe you will be very interested (引出受邀请人参加的理由). For one thing, (希望受邀请人参加的理由一). For another, (希望受邀请人参加的理由二). The party/conference would not be complete without you(总结受邀人参加的必要性)！

The party/conference will begin at (提出活动的地点). Is it possible for us to meet at the (提出具体约定时间)? We do hope you can come(再一次发出邀请).

Yours sincerely,

XX

Dear Tony,

Chongyang Festival, the traditional Chinese festival for the elderly, is coming around. We are planning to visit the Nursing Home to celebrate the special day, and we would like to invite students from your school to join us.(点出活动；发出邀请)

Respecting the elderly is not only a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation, but also a common quality of human .on this special festival, we can do a lot for the elderly and bring them a flood of happiness. We will give away presents to them, such as fresh flowers and cards made by ourselves. In addition, they will get our service, which include doing some cleaning, chatting with them and so on. Apart from the above, what will amuse them most is our performances. Lots of people have no relatives around them, so they may feel lonely. But we can show our concern and love to them by singing, dancing and other performances.(活动内容，参加活动理由)

I believe that we can benefit a lot from the activities.(参加的必要性) Looking forward to your early reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

阅读完型必备词汇