luda 英语考试试卷、阅读理解能力这个题型分数所占比重最大的是报考英语试卷的策略。
所谓“成也阅读，败也阅读”。“得阅读者得天下。”以下是笔者根据近二十年的教学经验总结所得。阅读理解题目主要有以下几种：主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等。
一、主旨大意题
（一）常见的提问形式:
1. The writer mainly tells us _____________.
2. The main idea of this text / passage is _______.
3. The best title for this passage may be ————。
4. We can learn _________ from this passage?
5. The passage mainly talks / is mainly about ___________.
（二）答题技巧
1. 主旨大意遵循文章事实而非主观臆断主观臆断。例如：
（河北中考）What are you holding in your hand while you are taking the examination? Right. A pen............
Though it is small, the pen has changed the history, improved the trade of countries, recorded events, carried news, and done far more work for human beings than all other tools.
Progress without it would have been almost impossible. ...
In the past the pen did all the work ...
The pen is very utilitarian. ...
Our coming into the world is recorded with a pen. ...
Let us remember that we hold in our hand the most powerful instrument which man owns. The pen is a magic tool. Whenever you use it, enjoy it.
60. What is the best title for this passage?
A. A Powerful Tool B. An Important Law
C. A Valuable Record D. An Exciting Event
解析：读首段、尾段和每一段的首句可知，文中主要论述了钢笔在人类生活中的重要作用。故选A。
2. 主旨大意根据文章主要时间节点发生的事情得出，而不是从文中某些 (不完全的) 事 实或细节片面推出的结论。例如
（湖北咸宁中考）The year 2022 will be a big year for sports in China. That’s because it will hold not only the 24th Winter Olympics in Beijing, but also the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.
On Aug. 6th, 2018, the official emblem...
First held in 1951, the Asian Games ...The Beijing Asian Games was the first large international sports event to be hosted by China, ...
To make the Games a great success, Chinese people worked hard to prepare...Since then, China has improved its global image (国际形象), China Youth Daily reported.
For the 2022 Asian Games ...
解析：根据文中主要的时间节点可知，文章介绍了2022年亚运会在杭州举行以及亚运会在中国的发展。故选B。
3. 主旨大意根据文章全面理解而归纳概括得出。切忌以偏概全。例如：
（江苏泰州中考）Sore necks are very common these days. How to avoid a sore neck? Here are the things you should know.
●Take precaution(预防措施) after an unusual activity. ...do it with different exercises and take a warm bath before bed.
●Make sure your workstation is correct. ...
●Change your posture often. Sitting in one position for long periods of time is not healthy. ...
70. This passage mainly tells us _________.
A. how to do exercise well B. exercising often is good for people
C. how to avoid a sore neck D. being healthy is the most important
解析：本文是一篇说明文，总分结构，第一段总述，以下各段针对脖子酸痛症状及其预防和治疗方式做了建议。所以本文谈论的是how to avoid a sore neck？故选C。
（三）做题要领
1. 浏览法寻找各段主题句。主题句一般在段落的开头、结尾出现。在段首，其后可能有for example, first, second等信息。如果在段末，其前可能有above all, all in all, generally speaking, in a word，in short等。细读总结各段大意，锁定文章的主旨。
2. 归纳各段大意，概括中心思想。有时文章或段落的主题句隐含在文中，没有明确的主题句，须根据文章的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，找出共性的东西，归纳出一般概念。
3. 巧妙排除干扰。干扰项的特征：概括不全（部分代表整体，范围太小）；过度概括（人为扩大范围）；以偏概全（以细节代替整体）。
二、细节理解题
中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。一般询问：what, who, which, where, how, why，when, how many等。总体答题原则就是解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系。
（一）答题技巧
1. 直接信息题—查读法 / 原文定位法：带着问题寻找答案，把注意力集中在与who, what, when, where,why等问题或数字有关的细节上。例如：
（安徽中考）Like many high school graduates, Maggie Doyne didn’t go straight to college. She decided to travel and arrives in western Nepal in 2006. A war had just ended there and let many children living on the streets. They were often forced to work at hard physical jobs for little money....
........
79. When did Maggie Doyne travel to western Nepal?
A. In 2006 B. In 2007 C. In 2008 D. In 2010
解析：关注题干中的疑问词when，根据题干中的关键词（人物Maggie Doyne和地点western Nepal），浏览短文，定位答案出处Maggie Doyne didn’t go straight to college. She decided to travel and arrives in western Nepal in 2006. 得出答案：in 2006
2. 间接信息题——转述法/词义转换法：题干的中心词不是原文词语，而是原文某一信息的间接表达。解答这一类题目的关键是准确理解题干的意思，然后在文中找出与题干中心意思一致的信息，进行简单的计算或转换。例如：
（山东聊城中考）
46. How much can a babysitter get for an hour?
A. 5 dollars. B. 7 dollars. C. 10 dollars. D. 12 dollars.
解析：关注题干中的疑问词How much，根据题干中的关键词（ babysitter），浏览短文，定位答案出处Babysitter(临时保姆) needed 中的价格$100 a week和工作时间from 4:30 pm to 6:30 pm, Monday to Friday.。不过这不是答案，需要进行简单的计算或转换， 得出答案：每小时10美元（100÷5÷2）
（三）做题要领
1. 细读题干，获取关键信息;
2. 扫读语段，带着目的搜索关键信息，做标记；
3. 对比标注信息与选项，精确定位答案。
各位友友，今天我们分享以上两种考查形式。希望对孩子顺利升入高中有帮助。